Intercranial Components - Lecture 2

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the inter cranial vault?

Answer 1

Brain, blood, CSF

Question 2

What is the % of each
Brain
Blood
CSF

Answer 2

Brain 80-85%
Blood 5-10%
CSF 10-15%

Question 3

What is the blood supply to the brain

Answer 3

BL carotid arteries

BL vertebral arteries

Question 4

Where does the left carotid artery arise from?

Answer 4

the aortic arch

Question 5

Where does the right carotid artery arise from?

Answer 5

the innominate artery

Question 6

What the the carotid artery bifurcate into?

Answer 6

the external and internal carotid arteries

Question 7

Where does the internal carotid artery enter?

Answer 7

the base of the skull

Question 8

Where does the external carotid artery go?

Answer 8

remains superficial to the skull

Question 9

What does the internal carotid artery supply blood to? (2)

Answer 9

Arterial supply to the Circle of Willis

Arterial supply of the eye via the ophthalmic artery

Question 10

What does the internal carotid artery bifurcate into?

Answer 10

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 11

Where does the vertebral arteries arise from?

Answer 11

sunclavian arteries

Question 12

Where does the vertebral arteries supply blood to?

Answer 12

The Circle of Willis

Question 13

Venous blood drains in the venous sinuses which lie between the layers of the ____ and drain into the ______

Answer 13

dura mater

internal jugular vein

Question 14

Characteristics of the venous sinuses

• Sinuses are _____
• Blood can flow _____
• Pressure within them is _____
• Little influence by the ______

Answer 14

valveless
back and forth
negative (air embolism)
autonomic nervous system

Question 15

What do meninges cover?

Answer 15

covers the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

What does the meninges consist of?

Answer 16

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 17

How is the Pia mater anchored to the brain?

Answer 17

by astrocytes, this forms the blood brain barrier

Question 18

What does the blood brain barrier allow passage of?

Answer 18

• Small molecules (H2O, O2, CO2)
• Lipophilic molecules (EtOH, heroin)
• Passive transport of glucose
• Active transport of amino acids/ NT precursors

Question 19

What does the blood brain barrier prevent passage of?

Answer 19

• Large molecules (dopamine)

- Charged (ionized) molecules

Question 20

What 2 layers does the dura mater consist of?

Answer 20

Outer and inner layer

Question 21

What are between the outer and inner layer of the dura mater?

Answer 21

Dural Sinuses

Question 22

What do the dural sinus drain?

Answer 22

CSF

Question 23

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a

Answer 23

neurological emergency

Question 24

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a hemorrhage in the ______ space

Answer 24

subarachnoid

Question 25

SAH hemorrhage is less common but a important cause of a

Answer 25

stroke

Question 26

Where is the bleeding occurring with an epidural hematoma?

Answer 26

Bleeding between the skull and the dura mater

Question 27

In an epidural hematoma, where is the bleeding usually from?

Answer 27

Usual arterial in origin (meningeal arteries)

Question 28

Where is the bleeding occurring with a subdural hematoma?

Answer 28

Bleeding between the dura and the arachnoid mater

Question 29

In a subdural hematoma, where is the bleeding usually from?

Answer 29

Usually resulting from tear in bridging veins

Question 30

Where is the bleeding occurring with a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 30

Bleeding between the arachnoid membrane and the Pia mater

Question 31

In a subarachnoid hematoma, where is the bleeding usually from?

Answer 31

Usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm

Question 32

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 32

by the Choroid Plexus in the cerebral ventricles

Question 33

What does CSF surround?

Answer 33

Surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

What does CSF do?

Answer 34

Cushions, supports and facilitates transfer of nutrients

Question 35

What os the total volume of CSF?

Answer 35

roughly 150cc

Question 36

How much CSF is produced daily?

Answer 36

roughly 500cc