Neuroanatomy & Physiology - Lecture 1

Question 1

How do afferent nerves conduct impulses?

Answer 1

TOWARDS the CNS (e.g. sensory)

Question 2

How do efferent nerves conduct impulses?

Answer 2

AWAY from CNS (e.g. motor)

Question 3

What are the 4 neuroglia of the CNS?

Answer 3

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 4

What do astrocytes form?

Answer 4

form the “blood brain barrier”

Question 5

In the blood brain barrier, what do astrocytes allow passage of?

Answer 5

Allows passage of small lipophilic molecules

EtOH, heroin, scopolamine

Question 6

In the blood brain barrier, what do astrocytes prevent passage of?

Answer 6

Prevents passage of large/charged molecules

dopamine, glycopyrrolate

Question 7

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 7

Produce the myelin sheath around the axons in the CNS

Question 8

What are microglia?

Answer 8

Brain macrophages

Question 9

What do ependymal cells do?

Answer 9

Produce CSF

Question 10

What is the neuroglia of the PNS

Answer 10

Schwann Cells

Question 11

What d Schwann cells produce?

Answer 11

Produce the myelin sheath around the axons of the PNS and create a neurilemma

Question 12

What does neurilemma allow for?

Answer 12

Allows for potential regeneration of damages axons in the PNS

Question 13

What are 2 examples of demyelinating diseases?

Answer 13

Multiple Sclerosis and Guillian-Barre

Question 14

Is multiple sclerosis an example of a demyelinating disease of the CNS or PNS

Answer 14

CNS

Question 15

Is Gillian-Barre an example of a demyelinating disease of the CNS or PNS

Answer 15

PNS

Question 16

The thicker the axon, the _____ the conduction velocity

Answer 16

faster

Question 17

What insulates the axon and increases conduction velocity?

Answer 17

Myelin

Question 18

What are Nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 18

unmyelinated segments between Schwann Cells

Question 19

Neurolemma is a continual sheath around the myelin that is essential for what?

Answer 19

peripheral nerve regeneration

Question 20

Do the brain and spinal cord have neurolemma?

Answer 20

NO

Question 21

The brain is a very complex structure in terms of both

Answer 21

structure and function

Question 22

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 22

Movement
Thinking Initiation
Reasoning (judgement)
Behavior (emotion)
Memory
Speaking

Question 23

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 23

Knowing right from left
Sensation
Reading
Understanding spacial relationships

Question 24

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 24

Understanding language
Behavior
Memory
Hearing

Question 25

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 25

Vision | Color Blindness

Question 26

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 26

Balance Coordination Fine muscle control

Question 27

What is the brain stem responsible for?

Answer 27

``` Breathing Blood pressure Heartbeat Swallowing Alertness Sweep Body Temperature Digestion ```

Question 28

What is the thalamus a sensory relay station between?

Answer 28

the body and the cerebral cortex

Question 29

What is the hypothalamus known as?

Answer 29

“Captain of the Autonomic Nervous System"

Question 30

What does the hypothalamus interface between?

Answer 30

Interface between the pituitary gland (endocrine system) and the CNS

Question 31

What activities does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 31

Regulates body temp, blood pressure, digestive tract motility, rate and depth of breathing, and many other visceral activities.

Question 32

What segments does the brainstem contain?

Answer 32

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

Question 33

The brainstem contains the nuclei of what cranial nerves?

Answer 33

CN III - XII

Question 34

The brainstem controls critical functions such as

Answer 34

breathing, swallowing, HR, BP, consciousness

Question 35

What does the cerebellum coordinate?

Answer 35

Coordinates skeletal muscle activity and fine motor movement

Question 36

T/F: the cerebellum maintains equilibrium

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

When learning to ride a bike, throw a curve ball or tie a shoe, cerebellum activity is high or low? When they become automatic, what happens to the cerebellum?

Answer 37

High Cerebellum is less involved