Interest Groups Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is an interest group?
An organisation that seeks to influence public policy without seeking office or formal power
What are functional (sectional) interest groups? Provide examples
Groups representing economic or social functions, such as businesses, unions or professions i.e. Trade Union Congress, British Medical Association
What are preference (cause) interest groups? Provide examples
Groups formed around beliefs, causes, or identities i.e. Church of England, National Trust
How do interest groups engage in policymaking, why are functional groups influential in it, and who relies more on whom in policymaking?
They participate at all stages, from agenda-setting to implementation and evaluation. Functional groups = influential due to their expertise, cooperation, and legitimacy. Governments often rely more on interest groups than vice versa
What resources do preference interest groups provide?
- Cultural authority
- Large membership
- Niche expertise
- Quasi-state or service roles
What resources do functional interest groups provide?
- Economic importance
- Organisational structure
- Policy expertise
- Financial power
Difference between insider groups and outsider groups?
Insiders groups are recognised by the government (are professional moderate, and trusted); outsider groups have radical tactics or positions, and are excluded from formal policy processes (i.e. Just Stop Oil)
Can group status change over time?
Yes -> Greenpeace or TUC may be insiders or outsiders depending on the government
What type of interest group system does the UK have and how dies it contrast with corporatism?
Pluralist (many small, competitive groups with weak coordination) -> corporatism involves structure negotiations among large groups, government, and employers (i.e. Germany, Sweden)
When did the UK briefly adopt corporatism?
From 1962 to 1992 through structures like the NEDC
What democratic functions do interest groups serve?
Promote association
Broaden participation
Provide checks on power
What are democratic criticisms of interest groups?
Unequal access
Dominance by wealthier/business groups
Lack of transparency
Lobbying scandals (‘Cash for questions’ and ‘MPs for hire’)
What is the ‘revolving’ door in politics?
The movement of people between roles in government and lobbying, raising concerns about undue influence
What are key takeaways about interest groups?
- Are vital for democracy
- Functional groups dominate
- UK pluralism allows diversity but risks elite control
- Lobbying needs regulation
