Intergroup Processes

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

feelings about others because of their connection to a social group
- can be both positive and negative responses
- majority of research focuses on negative

Question 2

Stereotypes

Answer 2

fixed, over-generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group or class of people

Question 3

Explicit Prejudice

Answer 3

negative feelings towards a group that people are aware of and are able to consciously articulate when prompted

Question 4

Implicit Prejudice

Answer 4

negative associations about a group of people that operate unconsciously and unintentionally

Question 5

Implicit Association Test

Answer 5

what concepts do we unconsciously associate with black and white?

Question 6

Contributors to Prejudice

Answer 6

1) Economic and political competition (realistic conflict theory)
2) maintenance of self-image and status (Social Identity theory)
3) Media
4) Products
5) Relationships

Question 7

Confirmation Bias

Answer 7

tendency to seek out information that endorses or confirms what you already believe

Question 8

Self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 8

beliefs about the world that help bring about those beliefs (e.g. Bloomer study)

Question 9

Contact Hypothesis

Answer 9

interacting with people from diverse backgrounds (gender, ethnicity, sexuality, etc.) can help to reduce prejudice and stereotyping towards these groups
- the following four conditions must be met:
1) equal status
2) superordinate goals
3) cooperation
4) social norms support the interaction

Question 10

Racial inequality in the objective context

Answer 10

Minority students are treated worse than non-minorities in school settings
- seated further from the teacher
- treated less well non-verbally (less smiles)
- less benefit of the doubt (punished more)
- given less time to respond to questions
- hit more (private schools)
- labeled mentally disabled (2.5x more often)
- praised more for mediocre work

Question 11

Racial inequality in the subjective context

Answer 11

• minority students have to contend with the additional burden of dealing with negative stereotypes about their group in academic contexts
• the importance of subjective construal

Question 12

Stereotype Threat

Answer 12

the fear or worry that:
- you may be judged or treated stereotypically
- a negative stereotype might be true of oneself
- others might think it’s true
The fear of being judged through the lens of a stereotype can cause anxiety, which can cause people to be distracted, and thus undermine performance

Question 13

Stereotype Threat is situation-specific

Answer 13

only present when the stereotype is relevant and salient