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Science For Paramedics > Intergumentary System > Flashcards

Intergumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key parts of the Integumentary system?

A

Skin
Nail
Hair
Sweat glands
Oil glands

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2
Q

What is the skin

A

10 - 16% of total body mass thickness ranges 0.5 to 1-2mm

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3
Q

What are the layers of the skin

A

Epidermis - outside
Dermis - skin
Cutaneous - fatty layer

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4
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucindum
Startum Corneum

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5
Q

What is Stratum Basale

A

Consist of single row of keratinocytes are stem cells and keratin is a protein it is therefore essential for healing and form more protein sites leads to more keratin. Manufacturing layer and holds everything together

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6
Q

What is stem cells

A

are the bodies master cells with the ability to grow into any one of the body

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7
Q

What is Tonofilaments and Desmosomes

A

Tonofilaments gives the cells its structure but also attach to Desmosomes is a structure where two adjacent cells are attached formed by protein plaques

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8
Q

What is the Stratum Spinosum

A

Stratum Spinosum is made up of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes but also include langerhan cells and Melanocytes

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9
Q

What is the Stratum Granulosum

A

Stratum Granulosum is made up of 3-5 layers of flattened kerotinocytes .This is the layer where keratin is produced.
This is where scheduled cell death takes place. This is called apoptosis,The Chief function is waterproofing

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10
Q

What is Stratum Lucindum

A

Stratum Lucindum is 3-5 layers of dead, flattened keratin presents on soles of feet and palms of hands it consist of thickened plasma membranes and is responsible for supporting the skin in stretching
Contains proteins responsible for apoptosis

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11
Q

What is Stratum Corneum

A

Stratum Corneum is about 25-35 layers thick is made up of dead keratinocytes.it protects inner layers from mechanical damage and friction and acts a waterproof barrier

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11
Q

What is the dermis

A

Is composed of two layers which are Papillary Layer
Reticular Layer

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12
Q

What is the papillary layer

A

is nipple like projections which helps increase surface area and allows the epidermis to lock with the dermis.It has a capillary vessels which deliver oxygen and take deoxygenated blood away has free ending nerve

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13
Q

What is the reticular layer

A

It is made up of dense connective tissues that contribute to the skin’s elasticity. Has two main fibers collagen and elastic

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14
Q

What is collagen fibers

A

is a hard insoluble protein which is also fibrous is very strong it supports the structures and holds them together it binds with water

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15
Q

What is sebaceous gland

A

they secret sebum which is an oily substance that protect the skin form drying out

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16
Q

What is sweat glands

A

is part of the body elimination process and thermoregulation

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17
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer

A

is primarily where fat is stored and where we insulate ourselves has blood vessels

18
Q

What are the functions of the skin

A

protection, Immunity, thermoregulation,sensitivity,sever as a blood supply,Excretion and endocrine

19
Q

What is protection - Melanin

A

about 8% are melanocytes that are in the stratum spinosum. Melanin protects from sunlight but also from any types of radiation share with keratinocytes

20
Q

What is golgi apparatus

A

is responsible for transporting,modifying and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicle

21
Q

How is stratum corneum link to protection

A

is a physical barrier that protects against pathogen

22
Q

What is immunity

A

are a type of white blood cell made in the bone marrow that migrates to the skin. Langerhans cells detected pathogens that enter what are they are going to do

23
Q

What is thermoregualtion

A

The subcutaneous layer is a fatty layer provides insulation layer against the cold

24
Q

Vasocontrction and vasodilation

A

oxygenated blood enters the arteries muscles around vessels constrict to keep the heat in this is the opposite to when it is warm

25
Q

What happens when you get goosebumps

A

when it is called outside the hair the piloerection muscles contract and pulls the hair up to trap warm air

26
Q

what is sweating with thermoregulation

A

as soon as the body’s internal temperature rises sweat glands produce sweat and uses energy to evaporate sweat but you lose water in order to cool down

27
Q

What is skin sensitivity

A

not able to detect injuries or sensations due damage nerve endings which leaves to poor circulation

28
Q

what does glabrous mean

A

means having no surface has hairs smooth skin

29
Q

What does non - glabrous mean

A

means being hairy

30
Q

what are the types of receptors

A

Meissners corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle
Merkels disc
Ruffinis corpuscle

31
Q

What is Meissners corpuscle

A

detect light touch and dynamic pressure

32
Q

what is Pacinian corpuscle

A

detect gross pressure changes normally found in the deeper of the skin

33
Q

what is Merkels disc

A

detect touch and static pressure found in the fingertips

34
Q

what is Ruffinis corpuscle

A

this is responsible for perception of temperature

35
Q

how does the skin serve as a blood reservoir

A

contains a network of blood vessels which hold 8-10%.when the skin is significantly burned as it fills with fluid directly into the skin forming blisters.

36
Q

what is excretion and absorption in the skin

A

Approximately 400ml of water evaporates daily through the skin
Salt, CO2, ammonia and urea are excreted in our sweat.
Absorption: lipid soluble substances can penetrate skin

37
Q

Vitamin D directly to the skin

A

Our body creates vitamin D from Direct sunlight on the skin

Vitamin D allows your body to absorb calcium

38
Q

Vitamin D process

A

the epidermal layer synthesis pre-vitamin D the UV rays shine onto the skin and convert into pre-vitamin D3 supporting the skin travels to the liver converts it in to calcidiol goes into the kidneys which converts it into calcitriol absorbed into the body

39
Q

How does the parathyroid link to calcium and vitamin d

A

when vitamin D is low the absorption of calcium levels is also low in the intestine which causes the levels of calcium low in the blood. the parathyroid release of parathyroid hormone increases the calcium

40
Q

what is osteomalacia

A

is the softening of bone this is due to the lack of calcium

41
Q

what are the three things that give our skin colour

A

Haemoglobin - red blood cells
Melanin
Carotine

42
Q

What is carotine

A

Beta-carotene is a compound that gives vivid yellow, orange, and red coloring to vegetables. The body converts beta-carotene into vitamin A (retinol), which plays a critical role in cell growth and in maintaining healthy organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

Science For Paramedics (13 decks)

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