internal energy Flashcards
(17 cards)
Movement of solid particles:
particles in solid don’t move from place to place but do vibrate on the spot
Movement of liquid particles:
particles in liquid can move around each other
Movement of gas particles:
particles in gas move extremely rapidly
What do solid, liquid and gas particles all have?
kinetic energy
What other type of energy do particles have (exc. kinetic energy)?
-particles have potential energy
How does heating a substance affect its internal energy?
heating changes the energy stored within the system by increasing the energy of the particles that make up the system - this either raises the temperature of the system or produces a change of state
Heating a system (heating curve + explanation):
-solid - temp increase, kinetic E increase
-melting - potential E increase
-liquid - temp increase, kinetic E increase
-boiling - potential E increase
-gas - temp increase, kinetic E increase
Internal energy:
-internal energy is the total kinetic energy (due to movement of particles/molecules) and potential energy (due to intermolecular forces between particles and chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule) of all the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up a system
-internal energy = kinetic energy + potential energy
Thermal energy:
total energy of an object due to kinetic energy of the atoms and the molecules depending on its mass
Temperature:
a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules/particles
What is kinetic energy of a particle due to?
kinetic energy of an individual particle is due to its speed
What is potential energy due to?
-forces between particles (intermolecular forces and chemical bonds) - these give the particles potential energy
-potential energy due to position of particles related to each other
How is energy stored in a system?
energy is stored inside a system by the particles (atoms and molecules)
state the equation used to calculate the temperature change when a substance is heated
describe the particles within a solid
