Internal factors- ethnicity

Question 1

Labelling

Answer 1

advantage
Positive labelling for students other than black pupils would mean that they get in trouble less and supported more meaning that they are not excluded and are in school so have opportunity to do bettter

disadvantage
- Jenny bourne (1994)
found that schools tend to see black boys as a threat which lead to negative labelling and mean they weren’t getting a good quality of education as they were excluded more

Question 2

Setting/streaming
- advantage

Answer 2

-white pupils would get put into higher sets where better teachers were provided for them
- higher tiered papers, more attention would mean they can reach their full potential and have the opportunity to do better

Question 3

Setting/streaming
-disadvantage

Answer 3

• Peter foster (1990)
• teachers stereotyped black pupils as badly behaved so they were placed in lower sets
• led to them being capped and could not reach their full potential

Question 4

Ethnocentric curriculum
-advantages

Answer 4

Stephen ball (1994)
- national curriculum ignores ethic diversity and promotes little englandism

For example, the history curriculum tries to recreate a
“mythical age of empire and past glories” while ignoring the history of black and Asian people

• means more white pupils see themselves as superior and have more confidence

Question 5

Ethnocentric curriculum
-disadvantages

Answer 5

Bernard Coard (1971)
- curriculum presents civilisation to the people they colonised
- shows black people being presented as inferior which could bring about underachievement due to self esteem being lowered

Question 6

mary fullers study

Answer 6

Instead of accepting negative stereotypes of themselves, the girls channelled their anger about being labelled into the pursuit of educational success. However, unlike other successful pupils, they did not seek the approval of teachers, many of whom they regarded as racism. They also did not limit their choice of friends to other academic achievers. Instead they were friends with other black girls from lower streams

Question 7

Institutional racism - troyna and williams

Answer 7

They argue that to explain ethnic differences in achievement, we need to go beyond simply examining individual teacher racism. We must also look at how schools and colleges routinely and unconsciously discriminate against ethnic minorities. They therefore make a distinction between individual racism and institutional racism

present in ethnocentric curriculum, marketisation, structure of assessments, access to opportunities

Question 8

ethno centric curriculum - troyna and williams

Answer 8

They talk about languages, literature and music. There are meagre provision for teaching Asian languages compared to European languages. Sociologist
David describes the national curriculum as a “specifically
British” curriculum that largely ignores non European languages, literature and music

however - indian and chinese challenge these as they overperform and it is said that if they overperform how is there institutional racism

Question 9

moore and davenport - marketisation

Answer 9

They show how selection procedures lead to ethnic segregation with minority pupils failing to get into better secondary schools dues to discrimination. For example, they found that primary schools reports were used to screen out pupils with language difficulties while the application process was difficult for non English speaking parents to understand. These procedures favoured white pupils and disadvantaged those from ethnic minority backgrounds. This concludes that selection leads to an ethnically stratified education