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Internal Medicine > Internal Med - LE 2 Old Reviewer COPY > Flashcards

Internal Med - LE 2 Old Reviewer COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Visual acuity is expressed as two (2) numbers in which the first number represents:

A

C. distance of the patient from the chart

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2
Q

1Legal blindness is defined by the IRS as test corrected visual acuity of:

A

A. 20/200

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3
Q

True about Myopia:

A

D. distant objects require a diverging lens in front of the eyes

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4
Q

Causes of transient or sudden visual loss include the ff. except:

A

D. Macular degeneration – chronic type of visual loss (insidious)

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5
Q

The most common primary tumor of the eye is:

A

D. Melanoma

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6
Q

Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid) can be caused by the following except:

A. Myasthenia gravis

B.Old age

C. Sympathetic nerve damage

D. Hyperthyroidism;

A

D. Hyperthyroidism

Explanation:

A. Myasthenia gravis - autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles

B.Old age

C. Sympathetic nerve damage - Horner’s syndrome

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7
Q

Small irregular pupils that do not react to light but react to near effort is termed:

A

C. Argyll – Robertson pupil

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8
Q

Slightly raised yellowish circumscribed plaques in the skin along the nasal portions:

a. Chalazion
b. Episcleritis
c. Pinguecula
d. Sty or Hordeolum
e. Xanthalesma

A

Xanthalesma

Explanation:

Chalazion -Chronic inflammatory lesion involving the meibomian gland

Episcleritis - Non-infectious inflammation of the superficial tissue of the sclera

Pinguecula - Yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva

Sty or Hordeolum - Painful tender red infection around the hair follicle of the eye lashes

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9
Q

Non-infectious inflammation of the superficial tissue of the sclera

a. Chalazion
b. Episcleritis
c. Pinguecula
d. Sty or Hordeolum
e. Xanthalesma

A

B. Episcleritis

Explanation:

Chalazion -Chronic inflammatory lesion involving the meibomian gland

Pinguecula - Yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva

Sty or Hordeolum - Painful tender red infection around the hair follicle of the eye lashes

Xanthalesma - Slightly raised yellowish circumscribed plaques in the skin along the nasal portions

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10
Q

Chronic inflammatory lesion involving the meibomian gland

a. Chalazion
b. Episcleritis
c. Pinguecula
d. Sty or Hordeolum
e. Xanthalesma

A

a. Chalazion

Explanation:

Episcleritis - Non-infectious inflammation of the superficial tissue of the sclera

Pinguecula - Yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva

Sty or Hordeolum - Painful tender red infection around the hair follicle of the eye lashes

Xanthalesma - Slightly raised yellowish circumscribed plaques in the skin along the nasal portions

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11
Q

Painful tender red infection around the hair follicle of the eye lashes

a. Chalazion
b. Episcleritis
c. Pinguecula
d. Sty or Hordeolum
e. Xanthalesma

A

d. Sty or Hordeolum

Explanation:

Chalazion -Chronic inflammatory lesion involving the meibomian gland

Episcleritis - Non-infectious inflammation of the superficial tissue of the sclera

Pinguecula - Yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva

Xanthalesma - Slightly raised yellowish circumscribed plaques in the skin along the nasal portions

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12
Q

Yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva

a. Chalazion
b. Episcleritis
c. Pinguecula
d. Sty or Hordeolum
e. Xanthalesma

A

c. Pinguecula

Explanation:

Chalazion -Chronic inflammatory lesion involving the meibomian gland

Episcleritis - Non-infectious inflammation of the superficial tissue of the sclera

Sty or Hordeolum - Painful tender red infection around the hair follicle of the eye lashes

Xanthalesma - Slightly raised yellowish circumscribed plaques in the skin along the nasal portions

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13
Q

Grayish –white opacity at the edge of the cornea that may accompany normal aging:

a. Arcus Senilis or corneal arcus
b. Cataract
c. Corneal infection
d. Corneal scar
e. Pinguecula

A

Arcus Senilis or corneal arcus

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14
Q

Superficial grayish – white opacity in the cornea secondary to an old injury or to an inflammation

a. Arcus Senilis or corneal arcus
b. Cataract
c. Corneal infection
d. Corneal scar
e. Pinguecula

A

d. Corneal scar

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15
Q

Opacity of the lens seen through the pupil

a. Arcus Senilis or corneal arcus
b. Cataract
c. Corneal infection
d. Corneal scar
e. Pinguecula

A

b. Cataract

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16
Q

Presents with ciliary injection and dilatation of deeper blood vessels

a. Arcus Senilis or corneal arcus
b. Cataract
c. Corneal infection
d. Corneal scar
e. Pinguecula

A

c. Corneal infection

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17
Q

Triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva

a. Arcus Senilis or corneal arcus
b. Cataract
c. Corneal infection
d. Corneal scar
e. Pinguecula

A

e. Pinguecula

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18
Q

Lesion with the optic nerve:

A

Blind eye

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19
Q

Lesion on the optic chiasm:

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

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20
Q

Lesion in the optic tract:

A

Homonymous hemianopsia

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21
Q

Partial lesion to the optic radiation:

A

homonymous upper quadrantic defect

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22
Q

Occlusion of the branch of a central retinal artery:

A

horizontal [altitudinal] defect

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23
Q

Innervated by the abducens nerve:

A

E. Cranial nerve VI; LR6 = lateral rectus

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24
Q

Innervates the upward and downward mov’t of the right eye:

A

inferior rectus

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25
Q

Mediates the upward and outward mov’t of the right eye:

A

superior rectus

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26
Q

Innervated by the trochlear nerve:

A

superior oblique; SO4

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27
Q

Mediates the upward and inward mov’t of the right eye:

A

inferior oblique

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28
Q

To straighten and visualize the ear canal, you should pull the auricle:

A

upward and backward

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29
Q

In using the otoscope, it is recommended that the available speculum size used is the:

A

largest

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30
Q

In trying to distinguish the type of hearing loss, you make use a tuning fork with the following frequency:

A

512-1024 Hz

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31
Q

Distortion of sounds that impair theunderstanding of words are often present as the upper tones of words and are disproportionately lost is consistent with:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

sensorineural loss

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32
Q

A noisy env’t may seem to improve hearing:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

conductive loss

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33
Q

Patient’s own voice tends to be loud, has trouble hearing his/her own voice:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

sensorineural loss

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34
Q

The onset is most often in childhood and young adulthood:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

conductive loss

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35
Q

Hearing problem is not visible during the examination of the ear canal and ear drum:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

sensorineural loss

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36
Q

1In performing the Weber test , sound lateralizes to the good ear:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

sensorineural loss

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37
Q

In performing the Weber test , sound lateralizes to the impaired ear:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

conductive loss

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38
Q

In performing the Rinne’s test , bone conduction is longer than or equal to Air conduction:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

conductive loss

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39
Q

In Rinne’s test , air conduction lasts longer than bone conduction:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

sensorineural loss

40
Q

Causes include otitis media, otosclerosis and immobilized eardrum:

a. conductive loss
b. sensorineural loss

A

conductive loss

41
Q

Recurrent and painful vesicular eruption of the lip and surrounding skin:

A

herpes simplex

42
Q

Firm and button-like lesion that ulcerates and may become crusted:

A

[syphilitic] chancre

43
Q

Diffused non-pitting, tense swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous tx of the lip:

A

angioedema

44
Q

….softening of the angles of the mouth :

A

angular cheilitis

45
Q

A lesion may appear as scaly plaque or as an ulcer or a nodular lesion:

A

carcinoma of the lip

46
Q

Normal sebaceous glands that appear as small yellowish spots in the buccal mucosa:

A

Fordyce Spots

47
Q

Small white specks that resemble grains of salt on a red background:

A

Koplik’s spots [measles]

48
Q

A midline bony growth in the hard palate:

A

torus palatinus

49
Q

Flat or raised purplish lesions seen among patients with AIDS:

A

Kaposis sarcoma

50
Q

Grayish exudate or pseudomembrane that is present in the uvula, pharynx and tongue:

A

Diptheria

51
Q

Decreased facial mobility, blunt expression resulting in a mask-like expression increased blinking and a characteristic stare:

A

Parkinson’s dse

52
Q

Round moon face with red cheeks, excessive hair growth:

A

cushing’s syndrome

53
Q

Dull and puffy face particularly pronounced around the eyes, hair and eyebrows, coarse and thin and dry:

A

myxedema [hypothyroidism]

54
Q

Face is edematous often pale swelling usually occurs first around the eyes in the morning:

A

nephrotic syndrome

55
Q

Head is elongated with bony prominence of the forehead, nose and lower jaw features of your generally….:

A

acromegaly

56
Q

Most common cause of headache that is describe as recurring and associated with nausea vomiting and other neurologic dysfunctions:

A

migraine

57
Q

An example of a male dominated cause of headache is:

A

coital headache

58
Q

The most common symptom accompanying severe migraine is:

A

nausea [up to 70%]

59
Q

In this type of migraine syndrome no focal neurologic disturbance precedes the recurrent headache:

A

common migraine

60
Q

A dramatic episode of this type of migraine begins with total blindness accompanied by mixtures of vertigo ataxia, arthria and perioral paresthesia:

A

basilar migraine

61
Q

Carotid artery involvement usually in this type of migraine, that is commonly precipitated by dental trauma:

A

facial migraine

62
Q

In this type of migraine the most common premonitory symptoms are visual arising from the dysfunction of occipital lobe neurons:

A

classic migraine

63
Q

This episodic type of vascular headache is characterized by one to three short lived attacks of periorbital pain per day over a period of 4-8 wks followed by…. :

A

cluster headache

64
Q

Direction of associated nystagmus can either be unidirectional or bidirectional:

A

central vertigo

65
Q

Visual fixation inhibits nystagmus and vertigo:

A

peripheral vertigo

66
Q

Severity of vertigo is often mild:

A

central vertigo

67
Q

Tinnitus and/or deafness is usually absent in:

A

central vertigo

68
Q

Vertical or purely torsional nystagmus is never present in:

A

peripheral vertigo

[in central vertigo daw kasi pwede rotational pwedeng vertical ang hilo. Eh ang peri almost always rotational daw.]

69
Q

Duration of symptoms maybe chronic:

A

central vertigo

70
Q

Common causes include neuronitis, trauma and toxins:

A

peripheral vertigo

71
Q

Purely horizontal nystagmus w/o torsional component is uncommon:

A

peripheral vertigo

72
Q

Most commonly involve in sinusitis:

A

maxillary

73
Q

Acute sinusitis:

A

less than 4 wks

74
Q

CT scan for chronic sinusitis is the radiographic

A

study of choice

75
Q

Strep pneumonia in

A

acute otitis media

76
Q

Most common identifiable cause in acute pharyngitis:

A

rhinovirus

77
Q

Swimming in contaminated water commonly caused

A

by Pseudomonas

78
Q

Chief symptom of chronic suppurative otitis media:

A

painless oral discharge [candida]

79
Q

The distinguishing feature between anterior tonsilar abscess:

A

earache or otalgia

80
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess can only be demonstrated by:

A

palpation

81
Q

The most common presenting symptom among patients with nasal disorder?:

A

obstruction

82
Q

Allergic rhinitis:

bilateral
unilateral

A

bilateral

83
Q

Foreign body and nasopharyngeal carcinoma:

bilateral
unilateral

A

unilateral

84
Q

Unilateral watery nasal discharge should alert you regarding the possibility

A

of CSF leak

85
Q

The most common cause of epistaxis localized is:

A

idiopathic [80%]

86
Q

Hallucinatory swelling disorder is usually associated with the ff except:

A

CNS tumors-usually have anosmia

87
Q

Nasal regurgitation of fluid and food maybe due to which condition:

A

[palate problems] paralyzed soft palate

88
Q

Sinuses in the human body that are not evaluable during PE:

A

sphenoid and ethmoid

89
Q

A negative transillumination test suggests:

A

both thickened epithelium or sinus end or sinus congestion

90
Q

Involvement of the frontal sinus would result in proptosis in what direction:

A

inferior and lateral

91
Q

Involvement of the ethmoid sinus would result in proptosis what direction:

A

lateral

92
Q

Involvement of the maxillary sinus would result in proptosis in what direction:

A

superior

93
Q

Large non tender and non-suppurating nodes from tertiary syphilitic granuloma :

A

gumma

94
Q

Enlargement of a single node in the left supraclavicular group signify malignancy in the upper aerodigestive tract:

A

Virchow’s node

95
Q

Suppurative lymph node enlargement forming sinuses with bright red hue due to:

A

Actinomycoses

96
Q

Multiple large non tender nodes caused by bovine strains of tubercle bacilli:

A

Scrofula [TB of the lymph node]

Internal Medicine (5 decks)

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