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BIO Grd 11 > Internal systems > Flashcards

Internal systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of blood

A
  • transports nutrients
  • transports oxygen
    -transports wastes
  • ability to quickly clot to prevent excessive loss
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2
Q

What components does blood use for bloods functions ?

A

Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

Very small and that makes them reach places they need to be like branches. Blood moves slowly through then with low pressure

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4
Q

Vein

A

Carry the low pressure blood back to the heart using valves to ensure blood flows in the the correct direction

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5
Q

Arteries

A

Carry high pressure blood away from the heart tissue that need it

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6
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of the blood vessels, the smooth muscle cells in the vessel walls narrow causing a smaller diameter

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7
Q

Vasodilatation

A

Widening or relaxing of blood vessels, the smooth muscle cells in the vessels relax, causing a bigger diameter

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8
Q

What’s the next place blood would go after being in the pulmonary vein?

A

Left atrium

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9
Q

What is the blood type of the universal donor

A

O

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10
Q

What is the scientific name for a red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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11
Q

Blood vessels that join capillaries and veins are

A

Venules

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12
Q

Name for when ventricles are contracted is

A

Systole

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13
Q

Name the node that is the heart pacemaker

A

Sinoatrial node

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14
Q

Largest length organ, that is a reservoir of blood

A

The spleen

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15
Q

What is a blood vessel That is one Cell thick?

A

Capillaries

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16
Q

What is the normal blood pressure for a healthy adult?

A

120/80 mmhg

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17
Q

Explain hypertension

A

-High blood pressure
-Pressure pushed on the artery walls
-Can cause a week or even rupture. They arteries, if it is extended to a very high blood pressure and can lead to a heart attack.

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18
Q

Explain hypotension 90/60mmHg

A

-Low blood pressure
-Reduces capacity to transport blood
-It’s often due to excessive of the blood loss and can lead to shock

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19
Q

What is the blood type universal excepter

A

AB

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20
Q

EKG readings: what does the P wave mean? (First wave)

A
  • SA mode depolarizers ( it has a fast rise of energy )
  • contraction of atria
  • blood moves from atria to places in the body
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21
Q

EKG readings: QRS wave complex( second wave)

A
  • Depolarization ( gets energy) of AV node
  • contraction of ventricals
  • blood enters from ventricals to the rest of the body
  • repolarization ( wave calming down losing energy)of SA node
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22
Q

EKG reading: T wave

A

T wave (last wave)

  • repolarization( loses energy) of AV node
  • heart is at rest
  • blood moves back to atria
23
Q

What is a 90mV difference called?

A

Resting potential

24
Q

The change in cell potential from negative to positive and back a voltage pulse is called ? such as increased permeability of sodium that causes change

A

Action potential

25
Q

An EKG is recorded based on the hearts what ?

A

Electrical activity called électrocardiogram

26
Q

A group of cells is called a pacemaker also known as

A

Sinoatrial mode or SA node

27
Q

Anther group of cells in the right atria is called what and what do they do ?

A

AV node or atroventricular

They conduct fibers called Bundle of His.

28
Q

What are Purkinje fibers

A

Muscle fibres give energy ( depolarization) to all parts of the ventricles 

29
Q

What is an EKG ?

A

Shows the electrical signals if the heart from the surface of the body. This is to see if the heart has a regular beat

30
Q

How can other animals breath ?

A
  • Gills ( fish )
  • outer skin( worms )
31
Q

Where does oxygen come from

A

Cellular respiration

32
Q

Steps of respiratory system

A

Ventilation movement of air in and out of the lungs, inhalation and exhalation

Gas exchange: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the blood in the alveoli and replacing tissues through the diffusion

Cell respiration production of ATP

33
Q

Air around us is what and how much

A

21% oxygen
0.029% carbon dioxide
75% nitrogen

34
Q

What helps us breath

A

Brain, diaphragm and rib muscles

35
Q

What makes the lub sound

A

Comes from the aortic, tricuspid and Mitra valves closing

36
Q

Where does the Dub come from

A

From the semilunar valves closing

37
Q

Relaxation of the heart is called ?

A

Diastole

38
Q

The contraction of the heart is called what?

A

Systole

39
Q

What are WBC called

A

Leukocytes and lymphocytes

40
Q

What are RBC called

A

Erythrocytes

41
Q

How many times does the heart contract in a minute

A

70-80 times per minute

42
Q

What are the human subsystems

A

Pulmonary subsystem

Systematic subsystem

Cardiac subsystem

43
Q

What does the pulmonary subsystem do ?

A

Gas exchange

Interconnects with the systematic subsystem

44
Q

What does the systematic subsystem do ?

A

All the capillaries, arteries, veins, venules in our artoliols

45
Q

What does the Pancreas do

A

Creates pancreatic juices that also break down fats plays a big role in regulating sugar levels in the body

46
Q

What does the liver do?

A

It cleans the toxins out of the blood and break down, nutrients and store, or release sugars, starches, fats, vitamins, and minerals

47
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Store bile to help break down fats in the small intestine

48
Q

What is the first section of the small intestine called?

A

Duodenum

49
Q

What is the lining of the small intestine covered with?

A

VILLI. Finger like structures that soak digested food into the bloodstream

50
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

 20 feet long

51
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are special proteins that speed up a chemical reaction

52
Q

What is pepsin?

A

A protein digesting enzyme made by the stomach

53
Q

What is Amylase?

A

An enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates example. The saliva in your mouth has Amylase

54
Q

The main fat digesting enzyme

A

Lipase

BIO Grd 11 (4 decks)

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