International Relations And Diplomacy Flashcards
(12 cards)
1
Q
What are international relations?
A
- relationships between nations, national governments, international organisations. Anything involving political, economic and social exchanges
2
Q
What is diplomacy?
A
The management of international relations by negotiating, the method by which these relations are adjusted and managed by ambassadors
3
Q
Why do IR and diplomacy matter?
A
- political bodies do not exist in a vacuum, they are affected by war, trade etc
- they rely on each other and have identities
4
Q
Renaissance Diplomacy: the 16th century
A
- Italian origins in the 14th and 15th centuries through the tight proximities, art and culture spreads through Europe
- principal developments, regular exchange of ambassadors, diplomacy as a permanent state function, dedicated offices and archives for reports
5
Q
What was the function of ambassadors?
A
- représentation of the princes, an oratory negotiating of treaties, intelligence gathering, formal and informal
Gentilli, Three Books on Embassies (1585) demonstrates this
6
Q
Renaissance diplomacy in the 17th century
A
- Italian model has been adopted by this century
- complications of continual religious conflict causing divides (reformation)
- commercial developments in the Dutch, English and ottoman
7
Q
The watershed moment
A
- peace of Westphalia 1648 concluded the 30 years war in 2 separate meetings for catholics and Protestants
- key developments after, restricted representation of lesser states, legal foundations and open declarations
8
Q
Renaissance Diplomacy in the 18th century
A
- french connections of politics, culture and language, french dominance across Europe
- political power and expansion in Europe and overseas
- culture, style, nobility, ceremony
- french because the language of diplomacy
9
Q
The Mattingly Model
A
- inspired by Italian diplomatic system
- features included the exchange of diplomatic representatives, emergence of diplomacy as a permanent state affair, creation of dedicated chanceries and the appearance of resident ambassadors
- system was adopted across southern ans Western Europe during the 16th century
10
Q
What were Mattingly’s arguments?
A
Placed an emphasis on the enchanced role of the resident ambassadors, was common before 1450 but within this period became stationary for longer
11
Q
The Europeanisation of rhe Italian system
A
- Ferdinand of Aragon utilised abassdors and sent diplomats to London in 1487
- Aragon creates rhe role of Secretary of State
- until Elizabeth I, England regularly maintained resident ambassadors only in France, due to the Tudor financial weaknesses and the personal nature of English diplomacy
12
Q
The duties of diplomats
A
- between 15th and 17th centuries, the role of a perfect ambassador
- at first this tole was representing and embodying the sovereign, negotiating the relationship with host and gathering information
- by later on, every self respecting ambassador was supported by a secretary
