international situation after cold war (regional conflicts and crises)

Question 1

Middle East: Conflicts between the Israel and Arab countries

Answer 1

Jews and Palestinians claimed the ownership of Palestine so UN divided it into Jewish state and Palestinian state
Jews accepted this and founded Israel but Palestinians thought it was unfair and refused
5 wars broke out and Palestinians carried out terrorist attacks

under the mediation of US Israel and Arab countries signed a number of agreements and Israel withdrew a part of land to Palestinians
Israel refused to hand in occupied land to Syria so Arab countries refused to recognize Israel
Palestinian extremist groups led by Hamas carried out terrorist attacks on Israel

Question 2

Southeastern Europe: Ethnic conflicts in the Balkans

Answer 2

religious and cultural differences caused frequent ethnic conflicts
nationalism revived in Yugoslavia and Croatia and Slovenia declared independence
Serbia intervened militarily and caused the Yugoslav Civil War
Kosovo also fought for independence but it caused the recurrence of ethnic cleansing and civil war
NATO bombing caused Serbia to withdraw troops and Kosovo also failed to declare independence and the Yugoslav Civil War ended

republics gained independence and Yugoslavia dissolved
Civil Wars caused severe destuction and ethnic cleansing caused heavy casualties and many left their homes and became refugees

Question 3

East Africa: Ethnic conflicts in Rwanda

Answer 3

tutsi militants attacked Rwanda and started a Civil War
Rwanda president died in a plane crash and both Tutsi and Hutu held each other responsible and civil war recurred and caused a Rwandan genocide
Tutsi militants captured the capital and set up a new government and ended the civil war

criminals who took part in the genocide were put into trial
gov encouraged refugees to come home