Interventions: Guess the Theory

Question 1

A therapist asks a client why they believe what they believe including supporting evidence, thoughts, feelings.

Answer 1

CBT: Socratic questioning.

Question 2

A client is struggling to accept the limitations of having a chronic illness. The therapist says, “Can you think of your illness as a built-in reminder to take care of your health throughout your life?”

Answer 2

CBT: reframing

Question 3

A therapist teaches a client to identify irrational, distorted, or
maladaptive beliefs, question the evidence for the belief, and generate alternative responses.

Answer 3

CBT: Cognitive Resturcturing

Question 4

A therapist assigns a client hw in-between session to helps with monitoring automatic thoughts, reviewing the previous
therapy session, and preparing for the next therapy session.

Answer 4

CBT: hw

Question 5

Following the direction of the therapist, a client records the amount and degree of thoughts and behaviors in a diary, which provides the client and therapist information regarding the degree of a client’s negative affirmations.

Answer 5

CBT: self monitoring

Question 6

A therapist suggests that client experiment with a new experience such as taking daily walks. Client does so and records their observations.

Answer 6

CBT: Behavioral Experiments

Question 7

A therapist help client tolerate a anxiety provoking situation by teaching them relaxation techniques

Answer 7

CBT: systematic Desensitization

Question 8

A therapist teaches client skills for specific situations using imagery (role plays) The client then practices relaxation techniques during the role plays until anxiety is reduced and client can tolerate the situations both in role play and in real life.

Answer 8

CBT: Anxiety Management Training

Question 9

A therapist teaches a very passive or overly aggressive client to state their desires and needs using minimally effective responses

Answer 9

CBT Assertiveness training

Question 10

A therapist encourages a depressed or passive client to schedule activities and incentives along the way in order to feel better

Answer 10

CBT Behavioral activation

Question 11

A therapist teaches a couple to better talk about feelings and problems

Answer 11

CBT: Communication Skills Training

Question 12

A therapist asks a client questions to uncover underlying assumptions such as “if this is true, what does it mean about your and your life?”

Answer 12

CBT: Downward arrow

Question 13

A therapist instructs a client with a fear of germs to place their hand in a trash can for 5 minutes at a time.

Answer 13

CBT: Exposure:

Question 14

Therapist helps client to explore all possible options for either interpreting a situation or resolving a problem

Answer 14

CBT: Finding alternatives.

Question 15

A therapist teaches a client to recognize and label particular distortion in thinking that can lead to negatively interpreting events.

Answer 15

CBT: Labeling Distortions

Question 16

A therapist asks a client to use a chart to rate their level of mastery or pleasure that they derive from an activity.

Answer 16

CBT: Mastery/pleasure rating

Question 17

Therapist encourages client to do something kind/compassionate despite being angry at their spouse

Answer 17

CBT: Opposite action

Question 18

Therapist teaches a step-by-step approach so that client can orient and define problem, generate alternatives, make decisions and find solutions and verify their results.

Answer 18

CBT: Problem solving training.

Question 19

Teaches client to relax muscles to condition a relaxation
response to counter tension. Uses imagery, music, and other stimuli to assist in acquiring response

Answer 19

CBT: Relaxation Training

Question 20

Client and therapist collaborate in developing a
plan for the client to engage in steps that approximate an ultimate goal, to allow the client to have success at each step along the way to the goal.

Answer 20

CBT: Successive Approximation:

Question 21

client collects automatic thoughts and lists the
situation in which the thought occurred, the automatic thought, and the associated feelings

Answer 21

CBT: Three Column Technique

Question 22

A therapist gives a client a chart with columns to
record alternative responses to the automatic thought and behavioral or emotional outcomes of changing the thought

Answer 22

CBT: Thought Record

Question 23

Establish safe and supportive therapeutic relationship; Complete a
functional analysis to assess and define the problem and negative thought patterns; Educate and explain CBT; Set collaborative goals.

Answer 23

CBT: Beginning phase

Question 24

Identify negative thought patterns; Uncover negative schemas;
Assign homework to self- monitor thoughts and moods and behaviors; Label cognitive distortions; Reframe thoughts; Learn and practice new skills and behaviors.

Answer 24

CBT: Middle

Question 25

Review gains; Identify skills learned; Rehearse for new situations; anticipate future struggles

Answer 25

CBT: End

Question 26

Change occurs by creating conditions for the client to grow through the therapeutic relationship with the presence of three essential components: congruence/genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy.

Answer 26

Client/Person-Centered Therapy theory of change

Question 27

Therapist is nondirective and a facilitator (helper) who sets the stage and believes the client is able to do what is necessary for growth and change, self-actualization. Client determines goals of therapy.

Answer 27

Client/Person-Centered Therapy: role of therapist

Question 28

What theory do these treatment goals fall under? Self-acceptance, congruence between client’s idealized and actual selves. Increased self-understanding, Decreased levels of defensiveness, insecurity, and guilt, More positive relationships and increased comfort with others, Increased ability to experience and express feelings in the here and now

Answer 28

Client/Person-Centered Therapy

Question 29

What theory does this fall under? Complete acceptance of the client, a nonjudgmental respect of client and his/her feelings allows clients to feel less anxious about their perceived weaknesses and taking risks

Answer 29

Client/person centered therapy, Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 30

Therapist’s genuineness with client, shares his/her feelings honestly, does not hide behind professional façade—therapist is transparent with feelings, thoughts, and beliefs

Answer 30

Congruence, Client/person centered therapy

Question 31

Therapist accurately senses the feelings and personal meanings the client is experiencing and is able to communicate this understanding to the client

Answer 31

Empathy, client centered

Question 32

Innate tendency of all human beings to reach their fullest potential

Answer 32

Client centered, Self-Actualization

Question 33

Through the therapeutic relationship, clients are able to take control of their lives rather than follow the direction of others who were previously in control.

Answer 33

Client centered: Locus of Control

Question 34

Clients are allowed to lead the discussion.

Answer 34

Client centered therapy, Non-Directive Therapy

Question 35

Change occurs through finding philosophical meaning in the face of anxiety by choosing to think and act authentically and responsibly. The core question addressed in existential therapy is "How do I exist?" in the face of uncertainty,conflict, or death.

Answer 35

Existential Therapy, theory of change

Question 36

Therapist Provides an encounter with a “real” other * Presence of the therapist is essential * Helps the client focus on personal responsibility for making decisions

Answer 36

Existential Therapy, Role of therapist

Question 37

Client discovers his own life meaning, Client confronts anxiety inherent in living, Client experiences agency and responsibility in the construction of their life

Answer 37

Treatment Goals, Existential Therapy

Question 38

All persons have the capacity for self-awareness. * As free beings, everyone must accept the responsibility that comes with freedom. * Each person has a unique identity that can only be known through relationships with others. * Each person must continually recreate himself. The meaning of life and of existence is never fixed; rather, it constantly changes. * Anxiety is part of the human condition. * Death is a basic human condition that gives significance to life.

Answer 38

Existential therapy, key concepts

Question 39

Focus on moment-to-moment process rather than on explicit content

Answer 39

Existential therapy

Question 40

Holding refers to a process of holding up the problem experience so it may be seen, remembered, and re-experienced by the client.

Answer 40

Existential therapy

Question 41

Empathic availability is a committed presence to the “other” and openness to the pain and potentials of the other even when such openness is difficult and unpleasant

Answer 41

Existential therapy

Question 42

Telling, talking about, and naming emotional pain places the emotional experience and pain into the world of mutual encounter, where the relationship between client and practitioner can be used to process the situation under circumstances of increased support

Answer 42

Existential therapy

Question 43

Mastering the emotional pain is a process of reflection and behavioral experimentation that helps a client discover unique healing activities that are useful in processing and defusing the problem situation

Answer 43

Existential therapy

Question 44

Honoring the pain refers to the process of celebrating the meaning potentials and opportunities in the problem situation that the client actualizes and makes real.

Answer 44

Existential Therapy

Question 45

Change happens through the existential encounter – the authentic meeting of the therapist and the client in the present moment and by expanding the client’s range of experience.

Answer 45

Theory of change/Experiential/Symbolic therapy

Question 46

Authentically being with client, playful, creative

Answer 46

Role of therapist, Experiential/symbolic therapy

Question 47

The goal is for growth and increased flexibility.

Answer 47

Treatment goals: Experiential/Symbolic Therapy

Question 48

Battle for Structure: Therapist establishes the rules and working atmosphere of treatment. Includes the need for entire family to be in therapy

Answer 48

Experiential/Symbolic Therapy (interventions)

Question 49

Battle for Initiative: Motivation for change must come from family. Includes having family state agenda for each session, waiting silently for family to take initiative, allowing family to determine how change is going to happen

Answer 49

Experiential/Symbolic Therapy (interventions)

Question 50

Trial of Labor: Understanding the roles, boundaries, beliefs, history and levels of conflict within the family

Answer 50

Experiential/Symbolic Therapy (interventions)

Question 51

Activating Constructive Anxiety: Reframing anxiety as efforts toward competence (fear of failing to accomplish what one is capable of)

Answer 51

Experiential/Symbolic Therapy (interventions)

Question 52

Play, Humor and “Craziness:” Tapping irrational side. Finding solutions in creative interactions

Answer 52

Experiential/Symbolic Therapy (interventions)

Question 53

Beginning: Engage family as authentic person. Battle for structure. Encourage all members to attend. Family wins battle of initiative. Gather information about boundaries, coalitions, roles and level of conflict

Answer 53

Experiential/Symbolic Therapy: treatment phases

Question 54

Middle: Develop sense of cohesion. Create alternative interactions. Highlight inappropriate boundaries. Role play situations. Use play and “craziness”.

Answer 54

Experiential/Symbolic Therapy: treatment phases

Question 55

End: Highlight accomplishments and reflect on growth. Identify possible block to future growth. Role play future scenarios. Each member expresses feelings about their experience of therapy.

Answer 55

Experiential/Symbolic Therapy: treatment phases

Question 56

Theory of Change Change occurs through increased awareness of here-and-now experience in a dialogic relationship. Both existential and humanistic.

Answer 56

Gestalt Therapy

Question 57

The therapist is an authentic, present other * Non-directive and non-judgmental * Increase the client’s awareness in the present moment

Answer 57

Gestalt

Question 58

The goal is for clients to become aware of what they are doing, how they are doing it, and how they can change themselves, and at the same time, learn to accept and value themselves.

Answer 58

Gestalt, treatment goals

Question 59

Phenomenological Method: Exploring experience by description and abstaining from interpretation

Answer 59

Gestalt

Question 60

Dialogical Relationship: Therapist’s presence allows for the client to become fully present.

Answer 60

Gestalt

Question 61

Experiential: Through experiments, the therapist supports the client’s direct experience of something new, instead of merely talking about the possibility of something new.

Answer 61

Gestalt

Question 62

Here-and-Now Focus: The past is discussed in terms of how the past affects the present.

Answer 62

Gestalt

Question 63

Empty Chair Technique: Used to explore patients’ relationships with themselves or others in their lives. A form of role-playing, the client addresses an empty chair as if another person was in it in order to act out two or more sides of a discussion.

Answer 63

Gestalt Intervention

Question 64

Experiments: Encourages the client to experience a feeling rather than just talk about it.

Answer 64

Gestalt

Question 65

Body Techniques: Bring patients' awareness to their body functioning or help them to be aware of how they can use their bodies to support excitement, awareness

Answer 65

Gestalt

Question 66

Focuses on the process, what is actually happening, and the content, what is being talked about.

Answer 66

Gestalt

Question 67

Theory of Change Change occurs by separating patient from problem and creating a new narrative or story, which emphasizes the client’s competencies and strengths.

Answer 67

Narrative Therapy

Question 68

Therapist’s Role * Collaborator * Investigator * Co-author * Views individuals as the experts on their own lives

Answer 68

Narrative therapy

Question 69

Deconstruct problem-saturated stories in order to create more helpful stories. * Re-authoring the story—having a new story emerge.

Answer 69

Narrative therapy

Question 70

Externalizing the Problem: Separating the person from the problem story; Example: “What is anxiety trying to tell you to do?”).

Answer 70

Narrative therapy

Question 71

Social Constructivism: Where the messages are coming from; focus is on the present and past—the current problem and the history of the problem. Special attention is given to social issues, such as culture, gender, race, disability, social class

Answer 71

Narrative therapy

Question 72

Deconstructive Questions: Questions that clarify meaning and help people unpack their stories. They encourage clients to situate their narratives in broader contexts.

Answer 72

Narrative therapy

Question 73

Mapping the Influence: Process of eliciting from the client a detailed description of the problem’s effect and influence on client’s life and relationships.

Answer 73

Narrative therapy

Question 74

Identifying Unique Outcomes: Times in the client’s life during which the client was able to resist the effects of the problem.

Answer 74

Narrative therapy

Question 75

Enlisting a Witness: Inviting someone who has a sense of who the client is to support & witness the re-authoring process

Answer 75

Narrative therapy

Question 76

Writing a Letter: client writing a letter to self and others to reinforce a new story

Answer 76

Narrative therapy

Question 77

Beginning: Client is invited to tell their Problem-Saturated Stories – the reason client is seeking therapy

Answer 77

Narrative therapy: phases of treatment

Question 78

Early/Middle: The problem is externalized; Mapping the influence/effects of the problem; Identify/explore unique outcomes; Re-author story; Enlist a witness

Answer 78

Narrative therapy, middle phase of treatment

Question 79

End: Document and support new story; Write letter to self and others

Answer 79

Narrative therapy: end phase of treatment

Question 80

Theory of Change Change occurs through changing irrational beliefs to rational beliefs, which improves clients’ emotional and behavioral functioning.

Answer 80

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Question 81

Role of the Therapist * Instructor * Confrontational * Direct

Answer 81

REBT

Question 82

Treatment Goals * Help clients alter illogical beliefs and thinking patters in order to overcome psychological problems and mental distress.

Answer 82

REBT

Question 83

A – Activating Event: Something happens in the environment around you. * B – Beliefs: You hold a belief about the event or situation. * C – Consequence: You have an emotional response to your belief. * Common Irrational Beliefs: Feeling excessively upset over other people's mistakes or misconduct. Believing that you must be 100 percent competent and successful in everything to be valued and worthwhile

Answer 83

REBT

Question 84

Self-Acceptance: I have both good and bad points. I am allowed to have flaws. Despite my good and bad points, I am no more worthy or less worthy than any other person.

Answer 84

REBT

Question 85

Other-Acceptance: Sometimes other people will not treat me fairly. There is no law that other people have to treat me fairly all of the time. People who don't treat me fairly are no more worthy or less worthy than any other person.

Answer 85

REBT

Question 86

Life-Acceptance: Life does not always work out the way that you want. There is no rule that life has to go the way that you want. Although life will not always be pleasant, it is never awful or completely unbearable

Answer 86

REBT

Question 87

Beginning: Identify underlying irrational thought patterns and beliefs and the resulting feelings and behaviors

Answer 87

REBT

Question 88

Middle phase : challenge mistaken beliefs. In order to do this, the therapist must dispute these beliefs using very direct and even confrontational methods.

Answer 88

REBT

Question 89

End: Review progress made and apply learned skills to anticipated future struggles.

Answer 89

REBT: End phase

Question 90

Theory of Change Change occurs through accessing client’s strengths and resources. Emphasizes finding solutions to a problem, not on discovering the cause or origins of the problem.

Answer 90

Solution focused therapy

Question 91

Therapist is a consultant, coach

Answer 91

Solution focused therapy

Question 92

Treatment Goals * Client implements small and large changes to achieve their preferred future * Client builds on current strengths and resources

Answer 92

Solution focused therapy

Question 93

Exception Questioning: The therapist asks the client to think of a time in life when the particular problem did not exist and what the client did differently during this time. The goal here is to focus on what has worked in the past to provide the client with a positive perspective. Example: “Tell me about the times when you don’t get angry.”

Answer 93

Solution focused: intervention

Question 94

Miracle Questioning: The therapist asks the client to envision how the future will be when the problem no longer exists and what her life looks like then. Example: “Imagine that tomorrow morning you wake up and a miracle has happened. What would be different that will tell you a miracle has happened and your problem has been solved?”

Answer 94

Solution focused therapy intervention

Question 95

Scaling Questions: The therapist asks the client to think of a scale ranging from the worst things could be to the best. The client then rates his current position on the scale and is asked to identify how he could move up or down the scale. The client is also encouraged to identify what point on the scale would be good enough or where his “perfect future” is. Example: “You said that things are between a 4 and a 5. What would need to happen so that things were between a 5 and 6?”

Answer 95

Solution focused

Question 96

Presupposing Change: Rather than focusing on the problem that brought the client in, the therapist can ask the client questions to focus on the positive changes that have been occurring. Example: “What’s different, or better since the last time we met?”

Answer 96

Solution focused

Question 97

Coping Questions: If a client has trouble identifying positive change, coping questions are asked by the therapist in order to illustrate resources that the client already has. This can include validating the client’s difficulties while also showing that she is still able to get up in the morning, go to school, etc. This highlights the client’s strengths without undermining her view of reality. These questions are supportive while also challenging the client and shifting the focus away from problem-focused narratives. Example: “How do you keep going each day even when it feels like there is no hope?”

Answer 97

Solution focused therapy, intervention

Question 98

Affirmations / Compliments: Regularly acknowledge, progress, strengths and resources. Example: Tell the client, "I am impressed you are sitting in that chair again after what you just went through".

Answer 98

Solution focused

Question 99

Beginning: Join with client competencies; Envision preferred future; begin to identify client’s strengths; use solution-oriented language; come up with achievable goals.

Answer 99

Beginning phase of treatment, solution focused

Question 100

Middle: Identify strengths, resources and traits client already has used to deal with problem; Utilize solution-talk; Identify exceptions to problems; Utilize scaling questions to reflect on the nature of change the client has experienced; Feedback to clients that include compliments and tasks; catch and highlight small changes; compliments / cheerleading.

Answer 100

Solution focused

Question 101

End: Assist client to identify things they can do to continue the changes they have made; Identify hurdles or perceived barriers that could get in the way of the changes they made.

Answer 101

Solution focused