Interviewing & Interrogating Flashcards
(38 cards)
Cognitive interview
Designed to help people who are providing information to the police about a crime to provide more info; recall better in same context learnt
Do individuals recall more correct or incorrect detail about events under hypnosis?
Both; more correct detail, but also fabricate incorrect detail
Open-depth instruction
Go through sequence of events, but ignore the large scale things that happened an instead focus on the small details
Would recall be better if you actually took a person to the place?
Some studies find more recall, others find no significant difference
Who was The Reid Model developed by, and in what year?
John E. Reid in 1940s and 1950s
What are the 3 Reid Model assumptions?
1) Many cases are only solvable through confessions
2) Guilt admitted only after several hours of interrogation
3) Less refined methods required with subjects; not allowing bathroom
What are the 3 parts to the Reid Model?
1) Gather evidence, interview victim and witnesses
2) Non-accusatory interview to assess possible guilt
3) Accusatory interview of suspect deemed guilty
Behavioural Analysis Interview (BAI)
BAI interviewer is looking for things that the average person identifies as deception; nervousness, shifting, no eye contact
Do “common sense notions”, i.e. nervousness, shifting, no eye contact, ect, indicate deception?
Most behaviours that the BAI targets as deception are more common among truth-tellers than liars
What is one problem with once a confession is made?
It is very difficult for the jury to overlook it, even if the suspect retracts their confession
What are some procedures done in an accusatory interview?
1) Confront suspect with guilt
2) Offer acceptable reasons for crime
3) Rebuff suspect’s denials
4) Reduce psychological distance
5) Show sympathy and understanding
6) Offer alternative reasons for crime
7) Enlarge details into further confession
8) Get suspect to write signed confession
Good cop, bad cop
Minimization (good cop): sympathy, excuses, justifications
Maximization (bad cop): intimidation, exaggeration, deception
What are some problems with the Reid Model?
1) Hard to detect deception in initial interview
2) Belief in suspects guilt introduces bias
3) Coercive interview may lead to false confessions
What is the PEACE model of interrogation?
Planning and preparation Engage and explain Account Closure Evaluation
False confession
Information within the confession is false, i.e. suspect did not commit the crime they confessed to
Retracted confession
Confession may be true, but suspect repudiates it; some retracted can be false
Disputes confession
Is confession legally admissible as evidence
Voluntary false confession
Suspect confesses falsely without coercion
Why do some suspects voluntarily false confess?
1) Desire for notoriety; people want to be known
2) Mental illness
3) desire to atone for other sins or offences
Coerced-compliant false confession
Confession made under pressures, whether true or false
Why do some suspects engage in a coerced-compliant false confession?
1) To end the interrogation
2) Earn promised rewards
3) Avoid threatened punishments
What type of false confession is most likely due to the Reid Model?
Coerced-compliant false confession
Coerced-internalized false confession
Confession is false, but suspect comes to believe it
Why do some suspects engage in coerced-internalized false confessions?
1) History of substance abuse
2) Inability to distinguish between suggestion and personal experience
3) Anxiety, guilt over something they might have done
