interwar years

Question 2

*Capitalism:

Answer 2

An economic system based on private ownership and profit.

Question 3

*Communism:

Answer 3

A political ideology promoting state ownership of property and equality in wealth distribution

Question 5

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Question 8

*Chanak Crisis:

Answer 8

1922 event where Canada refused to automatically support Britain in a military conflict—marked a step toward Canadian autonomy.

Question 9

•Winnipeg General Strike: 1919 major strike involving over 30

Answer 9

000 workers; demanded better wages and working conditions.

Question 10

•Halibut Treaty: 1923 treaty between Canada and the U.S. (on fishing rights)

Answer 10

negotiated without British approval—a key moment in Canadian independence.

Question 11

•King-Byng Crisis: 1926 constitutional crisis over the Governor General’s refusal to dissolve Parliament at Prime Minister King’s request.

Question 12

•Regina Riot: Violent clash between RCMP and unemployed protestors during the On-to-Ottawa Trek in 1935.

Question 14

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Question 16

Political Figures

Question 17

•J.S. Woodsworth (CCF): Founder of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (precursor to the NDP); championed social reform.

Question 18

•William Lyon Mackenzie King: Liberal Prime Minister; led Canada through much of the 1920s and the Great Depression.

Question 19

•Arthur Meighen: Conservative leader and Prime Minister; opponent of King.

Question 20

•R.B. Bennett: Conservative Prime Minister (1930–1935); struggled to manage the Depression.

Question 22

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Question 24

Social & Cultural Trends

Question 25

•    Flappers: Young women in the 1920s who defied traditional norms through fashion and behavior.

Question 26

•    Regionalism: Political or cultural loyalty to a specific region over the country as a whole.

Question 27

•    Autonomy: Self-government; Canada’s gradual movement toward independence from Britain.

Question 28

•    British Commonwealth: A political association of former British colonies with shared values and the British monarch as symbolic head.

Question 30

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Question 32

Key Documents & Acts

Question 33

•    Balfour Report: 1926 document declaring Britain and its dominions (like Canada) equal in status.

Question 34

•    BNA Act: British North America Act (1867)

Answer 34

Canada’s original constitution.

Question 35

•    Statute of Westminster: 1931 act giving Canada full legal freedom from Britain.

Question 36

•    Indian Act: Canadian law controlling many aspects of Indigenous peoples’ lives.

Question 38

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Question 40

Legal & Social Movements

Question 41

•    Collective bargaining: Negotiation between employers and employees (or unions) over working conditions.

Question 42

•    Persons Case: 1929 legal case where women were legally recognized as “persons” under Canadian law.

Question 43

•    Famous Five: Group of Canadian women (including Emily Murphy) who fought for women’s legal recognition.

Question 44

•    Enfranchisement: Granting of voting rights.

Question 45

•    Self-determination: Right of a people to govern themselves.

Question 47

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Question 49

Notable Women

Question 50

•    Agnes Macphail: First woman elected to the Canadian House of Commons.

Question 51

•    Emily Murphy: Women’s rights activist and member of the Famous Five.

Question 52

•    Emily Carr: Canadian artist and writer

Answer 52

known for depictions of Indigenous villages and West Coast forests.

Question 54

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Question 56

Economy & Industry

Question 57

•    Branch plant (economy): Factories in Canada owned by foreign (often American) companies.

Question 58

•    Primary/secondary industries: Primary = raw materials (farming

Answer 58

mining)

Question 59

•    Protectionism: Economic policy of shielding a country’s industries from foreign competition via tariffs.

Question 60

•    Tariffs: Taxes on imported goods to protect domestic industry.

Question 61

•    Equalization payments: Federal payments to poorer provinces to ensure equal public services.

Question 63

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Question 65

The Great Depression & Responses

Question 66

•    (The Great) Depression: Severe worldwide economic downturn in the 1930s.

Question 67

•    Pogey (dole): Government relief payments for the unemployed.

Question 68

•    “Dust bowl” (drought): Environmental disaster in the Prairies due to drought and poor farming practices.

Question 69

•    “Five-cent piece” speech: King’s 1930 refusal to give federal aid to provinces with Conservative governments.

Question 70

•    Relief camps: Government-run work camps for unemployed men during the Depression.

Question 71

•    On-to-Ottawa Trek: Protest by relief camp workers demanding better conditions; led to the Regina Riot.

Question 72

•    Laissez-faire policy: Belief in minimal government intervention in the economy.

Question 73

•    Franklin Roosevelt: U.S. President who introduced the New Deal to combat the Depression.

Question 74

•    New Deal: Government programs to provide jobs and support during the Depression (also tried in Canada by Bennett).

Question 75

•    Economic Cycle: Natural fluctuation of the economy through phases:

Question 76

•    Prosperity: Economic growth.

Question 77

•    Recession: Economic decline.

Question 78

•    Recovery: Rebuilding and growth after recession.