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Save My Exams - Chem > Into to Organic Chemistry ORGANIC > Flashcards

Into to Organic Chemistry ORGANIC Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

Chemistry of carbon compounds

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2
Q

Why can carbon form vast number of compounds?

A

Can form strong covalent bonds with itself
Enables formation of long carbon chains so almost infinite variety

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3
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

Group of organic compounds with the same functional group
Each succession differ by CH₂

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4
Q

What do functional groups determine?

A

Physical and chemical properties of molecules

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5
Q

What is the functional group for alkenes?

A

….. H H
| |
R - C = C - R

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6
Q

What is the functional group for halogenoalkenes?

A

R - X
X = F, Cl, Br, I

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7
Q

What is the functional group for primary alcohols?

A

……H
|
R - C - OH
|
……H

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8
Q

What is the functional group for secondary alcohols?

A

……R
|
R - C - OH
|
……H

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9
Q

What is the functional group for tertiary alcohols?

A

….. R
|
R - C - OH
|
……R

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10
Q

What is the functional group for aldehydes?

A

………=O
R - C
- H

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11
Q

What is the functional group for ketones?

A

R-
C=O
R-

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12
Q

What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?

A

……..=O
R - C
-OH

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13
Q

What is the functional group for esters?

A

…..O
||
R - C - O - R

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14
Q

What is the functional group for primary amines?

A

R - NH₂

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15
Q

What is the functional group for nitriles?

A

R - C ≡ N

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16
Q

What are hydrocarbons made of?

A

Carbon + Hydrogen only

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17
Q

What is meant by general formula?

A

A formula that represents a homologous series of compounds using letters and numbers

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18
Q

What is meant by structural formula?

A

A formula that shows how the atoms are bonded to each carbon atom in a molecule

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19
Q

What is meant by displayed formula?

A

A 2D representation of an organic molecule showing all its atoms and their bonds

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20
Q

What is meant by skeletal formula?

A

A simplified displayed formula with all the carbon and hydrogen (C-H) bonds removed

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21
Q

What general formula do alkenes have?

A

CₙH₂ₙ

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22
Q

What general formula do halogenoalkenes have?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁X

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23
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH

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24
Q

What is the general formula for aldehydes?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁CHO

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25
What is the general formula for ketones?
CₙH₂ₙO
26
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH
27
What is the general formula for esters?
CₙH₂ₙO₂
28
What is the general formula for amines?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁NH₂
29
What is the general formula for nitriles?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁CN
30
What is the name for alkenes using prop-?
propene
31
What is the name for halogenoalkanes using prop-?
halogenopropane
32
What is the name for alcohols using prop-?
propan-1-ol
33
What is the name for aldehydes using prop-?
propanal
34
What is the name for ketones using prop-?
propanone
35
What is the name for carboxylic acids using prop-?
propanoic acid
36
What is the name for esters using prop-?
methyl propanoate
37
What is the name for amines using prop-?
propylamine
38
What is the name for nitriles using prop-?
propanitrile
39
What is meant by molecular formula?
A formula that shows the number and type of each atom in a molecule
40
What is meant by empirical formula?
A formula that shows simplest whole number ratio of the elements present in one molecules of a compound
41
What is systematic nomenclature?
System used to name organic compounds to make it easier to refer to them
42
What does the stem of organic compound names indicate?
How many carbon atoms are in longest chain in one molecule of compound
43
How many carbons does meth- indicate?
1
44
How many carbons does eth- indicate?
2
45
How many carbons does prop- indicate?
3
46
How many carbons does but- indicate?
4
47
How many carbons does pent- indicate?
5
48
How is the position of functional groups indicated in nonmenclature?
Numbering carbon atoms in longest chain starting at end that gives lowest possible numbers in name
49
What happens when there is multiple of the same functional groups?
di-, tri- or tetra- added
50
What are adjacent numbers separated by in compound names?
Commas
51
What are numbers and words separated by in compound names?
Hyphen
52
How are side chains ordered in nomenclature?
Alphabetically
53
What is meant by straight-chain organic molecules?
Organic molecules in which carbon atoms are connected to each other in one continuous chain
54
What is meant by branched organic molecules?
Organic molecules which have side groups attached to the main chain of carbon atoms
55
What is meant by cyclic organic molecules?
Organic molecules in which carbon atoms are connected to each other in a ring shape
56
What are structural isomers?
Compounds which same molecular formula but different structural formulae
57
What are the three types of structural isomerism?
Chain isomerism Positional isomerism Function group isomerism
58
What is chain isomerism?
Compounds with same molecular formula but different longest hydrocarbon chain
59
What is chain isomerism caused by?
Branching
60
What is positional isomerism?
Compounds with same molecular formula but different carbon position of functional group
61
What is functional group isomerism?
Compounds in which different functional groups result in the same molecular formula
62
Do functional group isomers have the same chemical properties?
Very different due to different functional groups
63
What are stereoisomers?
Compounds with same atoms connected to each other, differently arranged in space
64
What is used to distinguish between stereoisomers?
E/Z nomenclature
65
What are Z isomers?
Stereoisomers with functional groups on the same side of double bond/carbon ring
66
What are E isomers?
Stereoisomers with functional groups on opposite sides of double bond/carbon ring
67
What type of isomerism is cis/trans?
E/Z isomerism?
68
Is the cis isomer an E or Z isomer?
Z
69
Is the trans isomer an E or Z isomer?
E

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