Polymers ORGANIC

Question 1

What is condensation polymerisation?

Answer 1

Reaction in which a polymer is produced by repeated condensation reactions between monomers

Question 2

How are natural condensation polymers formed?

Answer 2

By elimination of water

Question 3

How can polymers be identified?

Answer 3

By ester or amide bonds linking monomers

Question 4

What can form condensation polymers?

Answer 4

Dicarboxylic acids and diols
Dicarboxylic acids and diamines
Amino acids

Question 5

How are polyesters formed?

Answer 5

Reaction linking dicarboxylic acid monomers and diol monomers by ester bonds

Question 6

What is produced in formation of polyesters? How?

Answer 6

Water molecule
Formed from OH group from COOH on acid and H from alcohol

Question 7

How are hydroxycarboxylic acids used as monomers?

Answer 7

Single monomer containing both key functional groups

Question 8

What are polyamides?

Answer 8

Polymers where repeating units are bonded by amide links

Question 9

What forms a polyamide?

Answer 9

Diamide and dicarboxylic acid

Question 10

What can be used in place of a dicarboxylic acid to form a polyamide?

Answer 10

Diacyl
Dioyl dichlorides

Question 11

What is produced in formation of polyamides? How?

Answer 11

Water molecule
Formed from OH group from COOH on acid and H from diamine

Question 12

What are amino acids?

Answer 12

Polymers made of amino acid monomers

Question 13

What structure do amino acids have?

Answer 13

Aminocarboxylic acid structure

Question 14

What determines the properties of an amino acid?

Answer 14

R group side chain

Question 15

How can different amino acids be identified?

Answer 15

By unique R group

Question 16

What are dipeptides?

Answer 16

2 amino acids polymerised together

Question 17

What are polypeptides?

Answer 17

2 or more amino acids polymerised together

Question 18

What is polyethylene terephthalate (PET)?

Answer 18

A thermoplastic which can be repeatedly heated to soften and melt and cooled to solidify

Question 19

What is a common artificial polyamide?

Answer 19

Nylon

Question 20

What is nylon made from?

Answer 20

Diamine and dicarboxylic acid, each containing 6 carbon atoms

Question 21

What can be used to break down polyesters and polyamides?

Answer 21

Hydrolysis reactions

Question 22

What happens to polyesters and polyamides at landfill?

Answer 22

Broken down easily and products used for other applications

Question 23

How can simple esters and amides be hydrolysed?

Answer 23

By reaction with aqueous acids or bases into carboxylic acids and alcohols or amines

Question 24

What are esters hydrolysed into?

Answer 24

Carboxylic acids and alcohols

Question 25

What are amides hydrolysed into?

Answer 25

Amines

Question 26

What three ways are there of disposing of polymers?

Answer 26

Landfill Incineration Recycling

Question 27

What are the advantages of landfill disposal of polymers?

Answer 27

Buried at specific contained site Biodegradable polymers degrade slowly

Question 28

Which polymers are biodegradable?

Answer 28

Polyesters and polyamides

Question 29

Which polymers are not biodegradable?

Answer 29

Polyalkenes

Question 30

What are the disadvantages of landfill disposal of polymers?

Answer 30

Limited land available Slow degradation of plastics Leaching of toxic compounds Gas emissions

Question 31

What are the advantages of incineration disposal of polymers?

Answer 31

Less space than landfill Energy released can generate electricity Prevents build up of polymers in environment

Question 32

What are the disadvantages of incineration disposal of polymers?

Answer 32

Increase in CO₂ Toxic gas emissions and particulates

Question 33

What are the advantages of recycling of polymers?

Answer 33

Reuse and conservation of finite hydrocarbon resources Reduction of waste in landfill

Question 34

What are the disadvantages of recycling of polymers?

Answer 34

Collection, sorting, separating, remoulding all require energy Time consuming Expensive