into to sql1

Question 1

1. Creates a new table in the user’s database schema
2. Ensures that a column will** not have null** values
3. Ensures that a column will not have duplicate values
4. Defines a default value for a column (when no value is given)
5. Validates data in an attribute

Answer 1

1. CREATE TABLE
2. NOT NULL
3. UNIQUE
4. DEFAULT
5. CHECK

Question 2

1. Creates an index for a table
2. Creates a dynamic subset of rows and columns from one or more tables
3. Modifies a table’s definition (adds, modifies, or deletes attributes or
   constraints)
4. Creates a new table based on a query in the user’s database schema
5. Permanently deletes a table (and its data)
6. Permanently deletes an index
7. Permanently deletes a view

Answer 2

1. CREATES INDEX
2. CREATES VIEW
3. ALTER TABLE
4. CREATE TABLE AS
5. DROP TABLE
6. DROP INDEX
7. DROP VIEW

Question 3

1. Inserts row(s) into a table
   2.** Selects attributes f**rom rows in one or more tables or views
   **3. Restricts the selection of rows based on a conditional expression
   **4. Groups the selected rows based on one or more attributes
2. Restricts the selection of grouped rows based on a condition
3. **Orders the selected rows **based on one or more attributes
4. ** Modifies an attribute’s values **in one or more table’s rows
5. Deletes one or more rows from a table

Answer 3

1.INSERT
2. SELECT
3. WHERE
4. GROUP BY
5. HAVING
6. ORDERED BY
7. UPDATE
8. DELETE

Question 4

1. **
   any value within a value list**1. Checks whether an attribute value is within a range
2. Checks whether an attribute value** is null**
3. Checks whether an attribute value matches a given string pattern
4. Checks whether an attribute value matches**
   any value within a value list**
5. Checks whether a subquery returns any rows
6. Limits values to unique values

Answer 4

1. BETWEEN
2. IS NULL
3. LIKE
4. IN
5. EXIST
6. DISTINCT

Question 5

1. Returns the number of rows with non-null values for a given column
2. Returns the minimum attribute value found in each column
3. Returns the maximum attribute value found in each column
4. eturns the sum of all values for a given column
5. Returns the average of all values for a given column

Answer 5

1. COUNT
2. MIN
3. MAX
4. SUM
5. AVG

Question 6

1. *To show the current database
2. *To create the database with the database name
3. *To delete a record
4. To change the data type of a columb in table

Answer 6

1. SHOW DATABASES;
2. CREATE DATABASE[ ];
3. DELTE FROM tablename [WHERE Contidition ];
4. ALTER TABLE (tname) MODIFY COLUMN Cname TYPE;

Question 7

1. This is a standard interactive progg lang for getting info from n updating to database

T/F
1. SQL are** not case SEnsitive**
2. SQL can be 1 or more lines
3. SQL ended w “;’
4. Keywords **cannot be abbreviated or split **
5. Clauses r usually placed on seperate lines

Answer 7

1. SQL / Structured Query Language
2. 1-6 is True

Question 8

1. asequence of info echange n related work, for the purposes of satisfying a request and for ensuring database integrity
2. from 1 has 2 types, statemnet tosaves n end current transaction n make permanaent changes
3. statement to undo work done in current transaction

Answer 8

1. Transaction
   ~
2. COMMIT
3. ROLLBACK

Start transaction;
Update Employees;
Set Salary =Salary + 80
Where Dept = ‘Salary’;
Commit;

Question 9

1.t he most popular PHP development environment, meaning?
2. If there is** any violation between the constraint and
the data action, the action is aborted by the __?

Answer 9

XAMpP/ Cross-Platform Apache, Mysql, Perl
2. Constraint

Question 10

1. what Logical Operators 3?
2. whats T X T = T only no to T x F
3. only t if there is t (t x f= true, t x t = tru)
4. Tru or Fals (**% **means any and all following or
   preceding characters are eligible.
   ▪ For example,
   ▫ ‘J%’ includes Johnson, Jones,
   Jernigan, July, and J-231Q.
   ▫ ‘Jo%’ includes Johnson and
   Jones

Answer 10

1. AND, OR, NOT
2. AND
3. OR
4. TRUE

Question 11

1. means any one character may be substitute
   2.?? functions will then summarize the data within each smaller collection.
   3.an alternative NAME given to acolumn or table in any sql statement, this gives temporary name

Answer 11

1. _ ex (‘_23-56-678’ includes 123-156-6781, 123-256-
   6782, and 823-956-6788.
   ▫ ‘_o_es’ includes Jones, Cones, Cokes, totes,
   and roles. 13)
2. Aggregate functions
3. ALIAS (Select tname AS aliastabletname)

Question 12

1. we combine four columns (CustomerName,Address, City,
   PostalCode, and Country) and create an alias named “Address” table is Customer, u may use CONCAT

Answer 12

1. SELECT CustomerName, CONCAT ( Address+’, ‘+city+’,’+PostalCode+’, ‘+Country’ AS Address
   from Cutomer

Question 13

1. R used to combine rows from 2 or more tables
2. This clause used to combine 2 or more table, based on a COMMON field between them
3. whats most comon type of joim

Answer 13

1. SQL
2. SQL Join
3. INNER Join

Question 14

1. this return qll rows when theres AT LEAST ONE MATCH IN BOTH TABLES
2. This retuen all rows from the left table n matched rows from the right table
3. this returns all the rows from the rightable, n matched rows from the left table
4. This return all rows when there is a MATCH in one of the tables, combines results of both LEFT n Right

Answer 14

1. INner Join
2. Left Join aka left outer Join
3. Right Join/ right outer Join
4. full Join / full outer join

Question 15

1. used to combine the result set of 2 or more SELECT statements, what command to select duplicate values
2. 1. ? a quary within another sql Query, this is used to return data that will be used in the main query as condition to restrict data to be retrieves
      3.

Answer 15

1. union & union all
2. subquery,

Question 16

1. Subquery can be used w ? 7 and 3 Clauses

Answer 16

1. select
2. update,
3. Insert
4. Delete
5. In
6. Between
7. SELECT
8. FROM
9. WHERE

Question 17

1. A subquery is also called an ?? or ?? while the statement containing a subquery is also called an outer query or outer select
2. ?? executes first it sparent query so the results ??? can be passed to the outer query

Answer 17

1. inner query or inner select
2. inner query
   SELECTa.studentid,a.name,b.total_marks
   FROMstudenta,marksb
   WHEREa.studentid=b.studentidANDb.total_marks>
   (SELECTtotal_marks FROMmarks WHEREstudentid=’V002’);

Question 18

T/F
1. subquery must be open parenthesis
2. subquery must be placed on the right side of the cOMPARISON operator
3. subqueries cannot mannipulate their results internally, kaya ORDER BY clause cannot be added SA SUBQUERY, but u can use it sa Outer query
4. Use single-row operators with single-row subqueries.
5. If a subquery (inner query) returns a null value to the outer query, the outer query will not return any rows when using certain comparison operators in a WHERE clause.

Answer 18

1. F
2. T rue lahat

Question 19

1. Use the IN clause to copy** the table into another database:
   SELECT ***INTO CustomersBackup2013 IN ‘Backup.mdb’FROM Customers;

Copy only a few columns into the new table:
SELECT** CustomerName, ContactNameI**NTO CustomersBackup2013FROM Customers;

Question 20

1.is a virtual relation based on the result-set of a Select Statement.
2.3 kinds of relation

Answer 20

1. VIEW
2. 1- Stored relation/ base relation = tables,
   2- Virtual relations= views
   3-Temporary results

Question 21

1. . Write a query to find the name (first_name, last_name) of all employees who works in the IT department.
2. Write a query to find the name (first_name, last_name) of the employees who are managers.

Answer 21

1. SELECT first_name, last_name
   FROM employees
   WHERE department_id
   IN (SELECT department_id FROM departments WHERE department_name=’IT’);
   2.
   SELECT first_name, last_name
   FROM employees
   WHERE (employee_id IN
   – Subquery to select manager_ids from the employees table
   (SELECT manager_id FROM employees)
   );

Question 22

1. defines the access rights provided to a user on a database objec
2. this allows user to CREATE, ALTER, DROP DATAbase
3. allos the user to EXECUTE, SELECT, INSERT , UPDATE, DELETE from database

Answer 22

`. PRIVILEDGES

1. System Priveledges
2. Object priveledges

Question 23

this commands r used to enforce database security in a mmultiple user dataabase environment

2. this command use to PROVIDE ACCESS/ priviledges on the database OBJECT to users
3. command removes USERS ACCESS RIGHTS to the b=database objects

Answer 23

1. DCL (Data Cont.rolling Language)
2. GRANT
3. REVOKE