Intracellualr and extracellular errors of metabolism of lipid, lipidoses, erros of carbohydrtae metabolism

Question 1

lipid staining methods

Answer 1

steatosis: lipid within membrane bound liposomes of perenchymal cells

SUDAN STAINS AND OSMIUM TETTROXIDE

Question 2

what is fatty liver also known as

Answer 2

steatorrhoeic hepatosis or steatosis heptais

Question 3

what is fatty liver

Answer 3

reversible condition where large vacouled of TAG fat accumulate in liver cells

Question 4

what can oversupply come from

Answer 4

obesity, insulin resistance or alcoholism,

also nutrient malnutristion can cause the mobilization of fat from adipocytes and create local oversupply in liver

some other: metabolic syndrome-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia

Question 5

metabolic causes of steatosis

Answer 5

• a-betalipoproteniemia
• glycogen storage disease
  -weber-christian disease
• wolmans disease
  -acute fatty liver of pregnancy
  -lipodystrophy

Question 6

nutritional causes of steatosis

Answer 6

• malnutrition
• total parenteral nutrition
• severe weight loss
  -refeeding syndorme
  -jejubo-ileal bypass
  -gastric bypass
• jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth

Question 7

drugs and toxins causes of steatosis

Answer 7

-amiodarone
methotrecte
-dilitazem
-highly active antitetrovital therapy
-glucicorticoids
-tamoxifen
-enviromantal heptatotoxins-phosphorus, toxis mushroom

Question 8

other causes

Answer 8

inflammatory bowel disease or HIV

Question 9

peripheral fatty metamorphosis

Answer 9

due to intocification of amanita ohaloides-death angel

Question 10

central fatty metamorphosis in liver

Answer 10

right circulatory failure

Question 11

tocix intracellular steatosis

Answer 11

diphteric myocarditis

Question 12

lipomatosis is

Answer 12

fatty infiltration within interstital tissue or increase in adipos cells and infiltration into the tissues and organs

Question 13

most frequent examples of lipomatosis

Answer 13

• atrophia lipomatosa cordis
• pseudohypertrophya lipomatosa pancreatis
• pseudohypertrophya lipomatosa renis

Question 14

lipidoses is

Answer 14

lipid storage disease

• group of inherited metabolic disorders where harmful amount of lipids accumulate on some cells and tissues.
• dont produce enough enxymes needed for metaboliszation or the produce some that dont work correctly

Question 15

lipidoses causes damage in

Answer 15

brain, peripheral nervous system, liver, spleen, bone marrow

Question 16

most common lysosomal storage disease

Answer 16

gaucher disease

Question 17

Gaucher disease

Answer 17

deficiency of glucocerebrosidase–>acc of glucocerebroside/glucosylceramide

can happen in spleen, liver, kidney, lungs, brain, BM

autosomal recessive ingeritance

Question 18

symtoms of gaucher

Answer 18

• enlrged spleen and liver
• liver malfunction
• skeletal disorders
• bone lesions
• pain, severe neurologic complication, swelling of Lymphnodes and maybe some near joint, distended abdomen, brownish tint to skin, anemia, low blood platelets, yelloe fatty deposits on the sclera

Question 19

niemann-pick disease

Answer 19

inheritted condition whre harmful amount of lipids accumulate in spleen, lungs, BM and brian

autosomal recessive

caused by mutation on NPC1, NPC2, SMPD1 genes (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase)

Question 20

no lysosmal liposidoses

Answer 20

familial hyperlipoproteinemia

xanthomatous

tangier disease

Question 21

what is used to identify glycogen

Answer 21

PAS and water

Question 22

what is diabetes

Answer 22

metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (^blood sygar) resulting form low lvls of insulin or resistance of insulin effects

Question 23

symtomps of DM

Answer 23

polyuria, polydipsia(thrist and fluid intake), blurred vision

Question 24

DM 1

Answer 24

-autoimmune disease–>destruction of insulin producing beta cells
- injection
- not primarly childhood problem

Question 25

DM 2

Answer 25

- non insulin dependent - obesty - insulin resistance, insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia hyalinosis iof istelts of langehans

Question 26

Gestational diabetes (GDM

Answer 26

affect pregnant women reduces insulin sensitivyt

Question 27

complications of dm

Answer 27

dibaetic ketoacidosis non ketoic hyperosmolar coma hypoglycemia diabetic coma

Question 28

chronic complications of dm

Answer 28

-vascular disease - ^blood glucose-->angiopathy - endithelial cells lining the vv take in more glucosa-->surface glycoprotien -->Basement membrane grow thicker and weaker

Question 29

gierke and pompe diseaee

Answer 29

gierke: glu-6-phos: lievr - sudan stain pompe: acid maltase: ehart and muscles