Intrauterine Viral Infections

Question 1

Rubella Characteristics (4)

Answer 1

• German measles
• ssRNA
• Lipid envelope with 3 structural proteins
• Humans are only hosts

Question 2

Rubella Clinical Presentations (2)

Answer 2

• Asymptomatic 50%

- Younger = milder

Question 3

Rubella Transmission

Answer 3

Respiratory secretions

Transplacental

Question 4

Rubella Phases

Answer 4

1- Prodromal Phase: Low-grade fever, mild sore throat, conjunctivitis, post-auricular and suboccipital lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

2- Exanthem Phase: Macular rash that may be itchy, Arthalgia

Question 5

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (6)

Answer 5

1- Sensorineural hearing loss (80%)

2- Thrombocytopenic purpura (25%)

3- Mental retardation (55%)

4- Peripheral pulmonary stenosis

5- Ocular: cataracts, chorioretinitis, glaucoma (50%)

6- Microcephaly

Question 6

Parvovirus B19 Characteristics (3)

Answer 6

Non-enveloped

DNA virus

Two parvoviruses isolated from humans:
1- Adeno-associated parvoviruses
2- Human parvovirus B19

Question 7

Parvovirus B19 Clinical Indications (3)

Answer 7

Common in children

Asymptomatic common

> 60% adults seropositive

Question 8

When is Parvovirus B19 more common?

Answer 8

Spring

Question 9

Parvovirus B19 Transmission

Answer 9

HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

Respiratory secretions

Blood transfusions

Question 10

Parvovirus B19 Target cells

Answer 10

Erythrocyte progenitors

Question 11

Parvovirus B19 Clinical Manifestations (4)

Answer 11

1- Erythema Infectiosum (slapped cheek in children)

2- Acute (temporary) Arthritis in adults

3- Aplastic crisis (temporary shutdown of RBC count)

4- Immunosupressed develop pure red cell aplasia (permanent suppression of erythroid precursors)

Question 12

Congenital Parvovirus B19 (3)

Answer 12

Hydros Fetalis

• Infects RBCs in fetal liver
• Severe anemia, congestive heart failure, generalized edema, fetal death

MOST DAMAGE 2ND TRIMESTER

Question 13

Virus-specific IgM in cord or neonatal blood (4)

Answer 13

CMV
Rubella
HSV
Parvovirus B19

Question 14

Immunoflourescence (vesicular fluids) (2)

Answer 14

HSV

VZV

Question 15

PCR (8)

Answer 15

HIV (Blood)
HBV (Blood)
HCV (Blood)
Rubella (Throat, blood, urine, CSF)
CMV (Urine, saliva, amniotic fluid)
Parvovirus B19
HSV (Vesicular fluids, CSF)
VZV (Vesicular fluids)

Question 16

Antibody-antigen Detection in Neonatal blood (2)

Answer 16

HIV

HBV