intro

Question 1

Define Drugs.

Answer 1

medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested/introduced to body

Question 2

Define pharmacology.

Answer 2

branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs

Question 3

Define Pharmacy.

Answer 3

store where medicinal drugs are dispensed and sold

Question 4

Define Therapeutics.

Answer 4

art of treating a disease with a drug

Question 5

Define Pharmacogenetics.

Answer 5

branch of pharmacology concerned with the effect of genetic factors and reactions to drugs

Question 6

Define Pharmacognosy.

Answer 6

branch of knowledge concerned with medicinal drugs obtained from plants and other natural sources

Question 7

Define Toxicology.

Answer 7

the branch of science concerned with the nature, effects, and detection of poisons

Question 8

Describe the process of drug approval.

Answer 8

1. chemical isolation/identification (animal studies, general effects)
2. IND approval (phase 1 - small # of healthy ppl, phase 2 - small # of diseased ppl, phase 3 - large population)
3. NDA (reporting system for first 6 months)

Question 9

Describe the FDA new drug classification system.

Answer 9

chemical/pharmaceutical standing:
1 = new chemical entity
2 = new salt form
3 = new dosage form
4 = new combination
5 = generic drug
6 = new indication (already approved)

therapeutic potential:
a = important (significant therapeutic gain over other drugs)
aa = important therapeutic gain (AIDS, fast-track)
b = modest
c = important options; little/no therapeutic gain

Question 10

Define Orphan Drugs.

Answer 10

drugs used for rare diseases, affects <200,000, won’t recover cost of development

Question 11

What are 5 advantages to aerosolized agents given by inhalation?

Answer 11

smaller dose, fewer side effects, rapid onset, targets respiratory system, painless/relatively safe

Question 12

Define Biotransport.

Answer 12

movement of drugs across biological membranes

Question 13

Describe the pharmaceutical phase of drug action.

Answer 13

pharmaceutical/drug administration phase - drug formulation, delivery system, dosage forms, route of administration

*all drugs have to be in solution in order to cross biological membranes

Question 14

List all drug formulations for the various routes of administration.

Answer 14

enteral - tablet, capsule, suppository, elixir, suspension
parenteral - solution, suspension, depot
inhalation - gas, aerosol
transdermal - patch, paste
topical - powder, lotion, ointment, solution

Question 15

Describe the enteral route of administration.

Answer 15

administration of drugs intended for absorption along the gastro-intestinal tract

Question 16

Describe the parenteral route of administration.

Answer 16

IV (bolus, steady infusion, rapid onset, sterile/no pyrogens/physiological pH/isotonic), IM, SC, IT (arachnoid membrane), IO`

Question 17

Describe the transdermal route of administration.

Answer 17

continuous delivery to systemic circulation, absorbed percutaneously

Question 18

Describe the topical route of administration.

Answer 18

directly to skin or mucus membranes, local effect

Question 19

Describe the inhalation route of administration.

Answer 19

systemic and local effect (gases, aerosols, vaporizers, nebulizers, MDI, DPI, ultrasonic nebulizer)