intro

Question 1

What pathogens are intra vs extracellular?

Answer 1

virus = intracellular
bacteria = extracellular

Question 2

what are the primary lymphoid organs?
what happens there?

Answer 2

thymus, bone marrow.
where immune cells are generated

Question 3

what are secondary lymphoid organs?
what happens there?

Answer 3

lymph nodes, spleen, malt
Where immune cells get activated

Question 4

names the cells in innate immunity

Answer 4

only innate: neutrophils, mast cells, monocytes
both: macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells

Question 5

name the cells in adaptive immunity

Answer 5

only adaptive: B cells & antibodies, T cells, T regulatory cells
both: macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells

Question 6

what do all mature blood cells arise from?

Answer 6

Hematopoietic stem cell

Question 7

where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

what cells come from lymphoid lineage?

Answer 8

B cells, T cells, NK cells

Question 9

what cells come from myeloid lineage?

Answer 9

RBCs, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells

Question 10

name 3 granulocytes and their function

Answer 10

neutrophils: harm pathogen
basophils/mast cells: inflammation/allergies
eosinophils: antiviral & anti-parasite

Question 11

what are monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils function?

Answer 11

monocytes: differentiate into macrophages
macrophages: phagocytose and present antigen
neutrophils: phagocytose

Question 12

what are CD4 and CD8?

Answer 12

CD4 = molecule on helper T cell
CD8 = molecule on cytotoxic T cell

Question 13

what do antibodies act as?

Answer 13

B cell receptor that are not membrane bound

Question 14

what are immune secreted proteins and what is their role?

Answer 14

cytokines and chemokines (type of cytokine)
-> cell communication

Question 15

what is the definition of an antigen

Answer 15

any specific molecule that can trigger an immune response

Question 16

what is special about innate immunity receptors?

Answer 16

germline encoded, nonspecific, limited number

Question 17

what are the 3 signals through which T cells get activated? (broadly)

Answer 17

activation, survival, differentiation

Question 18

what is the structure of t cell receptors

Answer 18

variable region (antigen-binding site), constant region

Question 19

what can TRC vs BRC recognize?

Answer 19

TRC recognize epitope bound to MHC molecule, BRC recognize the whole antigen

Question 20

what are the 4 types of immunization

Answer 20

active natural: natural infection
active induced: vaccination
passive natural: mother to fetus ab transfer
passive induced: monoclonal antibody therapy

Question 21

what is different about B and T cells maturation?

Answer 21

B cells arise AND mature in the Bone marrow.
T cells arise from bone marrow progenitors but mature in the Thymus

Question 22

difference between B and T cells receptors?

Answer 22

BCR can be secreted. TCR are only membrane bound.
BCR can recognize the antigen directly. T cells need MHC

Question 23

how many type of receptors do lymphocytes express?

Answer 23

only 1 with specificity for one antigen