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Intro Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the biochemical analysis of body fluids in support of the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

A

Clinical Chemistry

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2
Q

Father of clinical chemistry

A

Johann Florian Heller

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3
Q

Is the science of obtaining, processing and communicating information about the structure and composition of matter.

A

Analytical Chemistry

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4
Q

Is the use or application of instruments for observation, measurement or control.
It involves the operation of one or more instruments in carrying out laboratory tests.

A

Instrumentation

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5
Q

Is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

A

Biochemistry

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6
Q

Is the study of hormones and endocrine glands and organs.

A

Endocrinology

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7
Q

Test for presence and absence

A

Qualitative

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8
Q

Test for exact amount and numbers

A

Quantitative

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9
Q

Biologic specimens

A

• Blood
• Urine
• CSF
• Amniotic fluid • Synovial fluid
• Pleural fluid
• Peritoneal fluid
• Pericardial fluid

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10
Q

Has anticoagulant, fibrinogen and other clotting factors

A

Plasma

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11
Q

Free from clotting factors used to form the blood clot found at the bottom

A

Serum

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12
Q

Which is preferred in cc plasma or serum, why

A

Serum because plasma has anticoagulant like KEDTA which becomes an interference. And plasma has fibrinogen

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13
Q

Is the preferred sample for clinical chemistry
testing.
It removes the unwanted red blood cells
more efficiently, generating more sample
volume per unit of blood.

A

Serum

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14
Q

• Is suitable for tests that evaluate kidney function, since it contains waste products excreted by the kidneys.
• It is also often used in toxicology.

A

Urine

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15
Q

Is the liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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16
Q

Where is CSF located

A

Between arachnoid and pia matter referred to as subarachnoid space

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17
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

Brain inside ventricles

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18
Q

When do doctors test for CSF?

A

Possible case of meningitis

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19
Q

How is CSF obtained

A

Spinal tap or lumbar puncture usually at the interspace of vertebrae L3 to L4

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20
Q

Amniotic fluid is the fluid that cushions the baby, found in the amniotic sac. It is obtained through?

A

Transabdominal amniocentesis

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21
Q

Lubricant for the joints and transport medium for delivery of nutrients and removal of cell wastes

A

Synovial fluid

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22
Q

Doctors ask for synovial fluid for testing if the doctor suspects that a patient has……. Accomplished by

A

Athritis, Gout for uric acid…. Athrocentesis

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23
Q

Resembles serum appears yellowish

A

Serous body fluids

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24
Q

Found in our lungs or thoracic cavity

A

Pleural fluid

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25
Found in heart
Pericardial fluid
26
Found in the abdomen specifically peritoneum the membrane that protects internal organs
Peritoneal fluid
27
Presence of excess peritoneal fluid
Ascites
28
Peritoneal fluid is Obtained by
Paracentesis
29
Are positive meaning they are cations
Sodium and potassium
30
have a part in neuromuscular activity because they are positively charged.
Calcium and magnesium
31
Its clinical significance in our body is to maintain blood pressure and increased during dehydration, usually if vomiting and diarrhea this is excreted
Sodium
32
Responsible for the muscle contraction of your body
Potassium
33
Most commonly found in sweat and individual who has thyroid problem
Chloride
34
Difference between total calcium and free calcium
Total calcium maintains bone integrity and is bound to a protein meaning it can’t go anywhere. Free calcium is used electrical impulses between your brain and muscle for sending signals to the brain because it has an ion
35
Plays a part in neuromuscular activity and immune system
Magnesium
36
Encountered with dialysis patient
Phosphorus
37
In lead, we test for lead in blood if the doctor suspects lead poisoning. In lead poisoning there is what we call …… and it can be an indication for a lead poisoning diagnosis
Basophilic stippling
38
It is needed in RBC What if mag increase ano matabo?
Iron Organ damage because iron deposits ha liver and since these are metals it will damage your organs
39
Maintains alkalinity, pH and acid base balance
Carbon dioxide
40
If your electrolytes shifts, the pH is affected and can cause.. This usually exits in our body through the form of
Metabolic acidosis (decrease bicarbonate) Bicarbonate (HCO3)
41
Randomly collected type of test for glucose
Random blood sugar
42
This type of glucose requires fasting
FBS
43
Explain the procedure of OGTT
[Explanation]
44
Used for energy and synthesis of hormones Is …. Affected by diet?
Cholesterol No because it is produced by the body
45
Stored fats used for energy and affected by diet
Triglycerides
46
Waste product of your protein and muscle metabolism? A marker of kidney function
Creatinine
47
Product of liver and bile duct How is it created?
Bilirubin After breakdown of hemoglobin or red cell turnover
48
Why do babies have yellow skin?
Jaundice, the production of RBCs in babies are fast and can’t be discarded by liver because it is still immature that’s why it circulates around the body giving off a yellow pigment
49
2 types of bilirubin explain
Unconjugated - not bound by a protein, indirect cannot be discarded by the body or kidneys Conjugated bound
50
How is conjugated bilirubin naging conjugated?
If bilirubin passed by liver and bind to albumin Conjugate albumin is the only form of bilirubin that can be discarded by our body
51
Bilirubin is photosensitive thats why babies should be exposed to sunlight. If patient has liver profile test the test tube should be covered in ….. to prevent light from passingthrough
Carbon paper
52
In needs to be tested because it is toxic to the brain
Ammonia
53
Patient preparation for ammonia
No cigarette consumption before testing
54
Formed in the metabolism of glucose in the absence of oxygen
Lactic acid
55
Renal biomarker for GFR
Cystatin C
56
Pancreatic enzymes are
Lipase and Amylase
57
Hydrolyzes ester linkage to produce alcohol and fatty acids from triglycerides, used to remove fats
Lipase
58
Digest starch
Amylase
59
Amylase is composed of
Amylose and amylopectin
60
Liver marker enzyme
SGPT/ALT
61
Mayda ini ha liver so diri hiya specific
SGOT/AST
62
A liver enzyme but also present in bones
Alkaline Phosphatase
63
Used to test for tissue damage and patient with autoimmune disease or inflammatory disease.
Lactate Dehydrogenase
64
3 types of Creatinine Kinase enzymes
CK MM - skeletal muscle CK MB - heart muscle CK BB - brain tissue
65
Transport proteins like total protein and albumin are located in what organ
Liver
66
3 components of iron
Serum iron Transferrin Ferritin
67
Also known as your total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and is inversely proportional to serum iron. Increased in iron deficiency and decrease in iron overload
Transferrin
68
Stores iron in the hepatocyte until it is needed in the synthesis of hemoglobin. Also the major iron storage protein for the body. Directly proportional, if hamubo hi iron hamubo gihap ini
Ferritin
69
Binds to hemoglobin, too much hemoglobin in the body is bad so it needs to bind with this transport protein to be discarded
Haptoglobin
70
Rapid test for dengue
NS1 antigen IgM IgG
71
Immunoglobulins
IgG IgA IgM
72
Active infection for dengue
NS1 Antigen
73
Acute infection, first few days of dengue infection
IgM
74
Chronic, you had the disease before
IgG
75
is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum, vaginal luid, and secretions from the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosa, and is also found in small amounts in blood.
IgA
76
Immunoglobulins that can cross placenta, this is present in newborn’s serum, synthesized by mother
IgG
77
is the most abundant class of antibodies found in blood plasma and lymph. IgG antibodies act on bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles
IgG
78
is the irst antibody to appear in response to antigenic stimulation and is present in B lymphocytes. This cannot cross placenta and only immunoglobulin synthesized by the neonate
IgM
79
The complement system is a natural defense mechanism against infections. Inversely proportional ini hira na duwa
C3 and C4
80
this is an acute phase reactant so gin tetest hiya during infection or more specifically during inflammation. Rises sharply when there is tissue inflammation Increases after your macrophages and t cells release interleukinses
CRP
81
Janitor lipids, are the cleanup crew, gathering up excess cholesterol for transport back to the liver.
HDL
82
are like nearly empty tankers that just deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells and return to the liver after their main cargo, triglycerides, have been off-loaded
LDL
83
Number 1 waste product of the body Normal level
Creatinine 65-100 mcmol/L
84
Formed in purine metabolism
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Cc 1 (2 decks)

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