Intro

Question 1

Define linguistics

Answer 1

The study of language

Question 2

Define historical linguistics

Answer 2

• The study of how languages have changed through time
  – The relationships of languages to each
  other

Question 3

Define Applied Linguistics

Answer 3

The application of linguistics through:
-speech pathology
-lang. policy making
-lexicography
-translation

Question 4

Define anthropological linguistics

Answer 4

The study of the relationship between language and culture

Question 5

Define sociolinguistics

Answer 5

The study of the relationship b/n lang. and social structure including:
-lang. variation
-attitudes towards language

Question 6

Define psycholinguistics

Answer 6

The study of the relationship b/n lang. and cognitive structures specialising in the acquistion of lang.

Question 7

Define neurolinguistics

Answer 7

-study of the brain and the role it plays in the production of language
-focuses on lang. loss due to injury, disease, etc

Question 8

What does phonetics encompass?

Answer 8

The articulation and perception of sounds

Question 9

What does phonology encompass?

Answer 9

The patterning of speech sounds

Question 10

What does morphology encompass?

Answer 10

the formation of words

Question 11

What does syntax encompass?

Answer 11

the formation of sentences

Question 12

What does semantics encompass?

Answer 12

the interpretation of words and sentences

Question 13

Define acoustics

Answer 13

The properties of a range of sounds: noise, music, speech

Question 14

What does articulatory phonetics encompass?

Answer 14

The production of sounds

Question 15

How is sound produced?

Answer 15

By air passing from the lungs, through the windpipe, vocal folds, throat, mouth and nose

Question 16

The vibrations of speech sounds is considered…

Answer 16

Acoustic phonetics

Question 17

How sounds are heard and perceived is considered…

Answer 17

Auditory phonetics (spec. audiology)

Question 18

What part of the body produces speech?

Answer 18

The vocal organs

Question 19

List the 5 primary vocal organs

Answer 19

– the lungs
– the trachea
– the larynx
– the pharynx
– the oral cavity (mouth)

Question 20

Define prescriptive grammar

Answer 20

a set of rules or norms governing how a lang. SHOULD be used “properly”

Question 21

Define descriptive grammar

Answer 21

Objective, non-judgemental description of grammatical constructions of language

Question 22

What group(s) focus on prescriptive grammar

Answer 22

Editors and teachers

Question 23

What group(s) focus on descriptive grammar?

Answer 23

Linguists

Question 24

How can you identify the difference in meaning between two homophones?

Answer 24

Spelling

Question 25

How can you tell the meaning of a word two words which are spelled the same?

Answer 25

Transcription

Question 26

T/F: spelling = pronunciation

Answer 26

False

Question 27

T/F: The IPA is language specific

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What alphabet was the IPA modelled after?

Answer 28

Latin

Question 29

List some cases where the IPA is used

Answer 29

1. learning a new language 2. singing and acting 3. transcription 4. dictation 5. field studies`

Question 30

Define syllable

Answer 30

The shortest stretch of speech that a speaker can pronounce in a natural way

Question 31

What is the term used for a word that only has one syllable

Answer 31

Monosyllabic

Question 32

T/F: a syllable typically contains a vowel

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Define segments

Answer 33

Individual speech sounds that make up syllables

Question 34

Referring to "book" as CVC is an example of what representation?

Answer 34

A CV-skeleton

Question 35

T/F: CV-skeletons focus on the spelling of a word

Answer 35

False; concerned with classifying speech segments, NOT spelling

Question 36

T/F: Diphthongs count as one segment of speech

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What does it mean to be a syllabic consonant?

Answer 37

Consonants which are able to stand as syllables without a present vowel (ie settle [phonetically: set-l])

Question 38

T/F: Syllables are units of spelling

Answer 38

False; they are units of pronounciation

Question 39

T/F: since "dog" is monosyllabic, "dogs" is pluralsyllabic

Answer 39

False; both are mono

Question 40

Define suprasegmentals

Answer 40

Features that are not segments but seem to spread across several successive segments

Question 41

Give examples of suprasegmentals

Answer 41

Stress and tone

Question 42

The pronounciation of import (n) and import (v) is an example of this

Answer 42

Stress and tone (which syllable is emphasized)

Question 43

List the three kinds of writing systems

Answer 43

1. Alphabetic 2. Syllabaries 3. Logographic

Question 44

What defines a writing system as alphabetic.

Answer 44

Writing systems that use letters to represent a segment

Question 45

What defines a writing system as a syllabary

Answer 45

One symbol for each possible syllable

Question 46

Give an example of an alphabetic language

Answer 46

English, Greek, Russian, Hebrew

Question 47

Give an example of a syllabary

Answer 47

Linear B

Question 48

What defines a writing system as logographic

Answer 48

A writing system that does not attempt to represent pronounciation at all but rather a character to represent complete words

Question 49

Give an example of a logographic writing systems

Answer 49

Chinese, Hieroglyphics

Question 50

T/F: writing and speech go hand-in-hand

Answer 50

False; writing is a relatively new technology

Question 51

Define homophones

Answer 51

Different words that are pronounced the same

Question 52

T/F: you are always immediately able to tell the amount of syllables in a word

Answer 52

False; it is often difficult to discern, esp. for non-native speakers