Intro

Question 1

the study of the human neurological functions as they relate to behavior and perception

Answer 1

Physiological psychology

Question 2

physical mechanisms within the human body that affect the mental processes

Answer 2

Physiological psychology

Question 3

Describe the physical mechanisms of the body that mediate our movements and our mental activity.

Answer 3

Physiological psychology

Question 4

self-awareness and the ability to communicate our thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and memories

Answer 4

Consciousness

Question 5

can vary across the day/night cycle (sleep and dreaming

Answer 5

Consciousness

Question 6

blind patients are unable to see, but are able to reach for objects placed in their blind visual field

Answer 6

Blindsight

Question 7

Implies that we need not be conscious of a stimulus in order to act on that stimulus

Answer 7

Blindsight

Question 8

viewed the world as mechanistic and viewed human behavior in terms of reflexive mechanisms elicited by stimuli in the environment

Answer 8

Descartes

Question 9

proposed that the mind interacted with the physical body through the pineal body

Answer 9

Descartes

Question 10

viewed hydraulic pressure within nerves as the basis for movement

Answer 10

Descartes

Question 11

showed that stimulation of isolated frog nerves will evoke muscle contraction

Answer 11

Galvani

Question 12

noted that nerves carry messages via different channels (Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies)

Answer 12

Muller

Question 13

used ablation(removal of discrete brain areas) in animals to assess the role of brain in the control of behavior

Answer 13

Fluorens

Question 14

removal of discrete brain areas

Answer 14

Ablation

Question 15

reported discrete brain areas that controlled heart rate and breathing, purposeful movements, and visual and auditory reflexes

Answer 15

Fluorens

Question 16

applied electrical stimuli to cortex in dogs to elicit muscle contraction on opposite body side (notion of contralateral)

Answer 16

Fritsch and hitzig

Question 17

Identified primary motor cortex, a region of cortex that activates discrete muscles on the opposite side of the body

Answer 17

Fritsch and hitzig

Question 18

Other brain regions control movements via connections with primary motor cortex

Answer 18

Fritsch and hitzig

Question 19

the belief that the characteristics of an organism serve some useful function

Answer 19

Functional

Question 20

suggests that characteristics that allow an organism to reproduce more successfully are passed on to offspring

Answer 20

Natural selection

Question 21

consequence is that these characteristics will become more prevalent in a species

Answer 21

Natural selection

Question 22

the gradual change in structure and physiology as a result of natural selection

Answer 22

Evolution

Question 23

plays an important role in the thinking

of physiological psychologists

Answer 23

Evolution

Question 24

study animals to learn of the relation between physiology and behavior

Answer 24

Physiological psychology

Question 25

it uses pulses of massively powerful magnets to excite hydrogen atoms which then emit a radio signal which is interpreted into images

Answer 25

Magnet resonance imaging

Question 26

Offers very clear, high resolution images of the inside of the body, and is especially useful for seeing the structures of the brain

Answer 26

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 27

works by detecting blood flow volume in the brain.

Answer 27

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 28

Higher rate of blood flow to any given area of the brain indicates that area to be in use and so needing more blood.

Answer 28

Fmri

Question 29

Thus experimenters tell people to think or do things and find out which parts of the brain are involved in different tasks.

Answer 29

fMRI

Question 30

can also be used to discover what different psychoactive drugs do in the brain.

Answer 30

fMRI

Question 31

can also help determine what is malfunctioning in different psychological and psychiatric disorders It can illustrate developmental changes in brain functioning

Answer 31

fMRI

Question 32

A computer analyses x-rays into three dimensions.

Answer 32

X ray computed tomography

Question 33

any technique of imaging cross sections (slices) of the body

Answer 33

Tomography

Question 34

Radioactive substance (called a tracer) is placed into the body and it emits gamma rays which are detected by a sensor. The tracer is usually an analog to glucose and so when metabolism increases in an area of the body due to activity, this shows up in the scan and offers an image of what parts are used for different functions. So it works similarly and offers similar information to FMRI

Answer 34

Positron emission tomography

Question 35

uses a radioactive substance to map out the functioning of brain areas during different tasks, but the higher concentrations are according to blood flow (like fMRI) and not metabolism (like X-ray CT scan)

Answer 35

Single photon emission tomography

Question 36

Measures electrical signals (brain waves) corresponding to brain activity

Answer 36

Electroencephalogram