INTRO Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is DBMS?
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software program or suite of programs that allows users to create, access, manage, and securely store databases. It provides tools to store, retrieve, update, and enforce rules to maintain data consistency and integrity.
What is the difference between data and information?
Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts or figures (e.g., XYZ, 12). Information is processed data that provides meaningful context (e.g., Your name, temperature).
What is a database?
A database is a collection of interrelated data stored in a structured format, such as tables. It can vary in size and type, such as multimedia databases, college databases, or combinations of staff and student records.
What is an example of a database?
An example includes tables with columns like ID, Name, Subject, and Place, such as:
ID Name Subject
1 Rahul PHE
2 Raj ECO
3 Riti IT
and
ID Name Place
1 Rahul DELHI
2 Raj KOLKATA
3 Riti MUMBAI.
What is a file system?
A file system is an operating system’s method for organizing and storing data on storage devices (e.g., hard drives). Data is stored in files, but it suffers from issues like data redundancy, poor memory utilization, inconsistency, and security risks.
What are the disadvantages of a file system?
Disadvantages include data redundancy (duplicate data), poor memory utilization, data inconsistency (conflicting data), and inadequate data security.
What are the applications of DBMS?
DBMS is used in schools/colleges (student records, attendance), banks (customer accounts, transaction history), and airlines (flight bookings, schedules).
What is data abstraction in DBMS?
Data abstraction hides complex details from users, presenting only essential information. It involves three levels: physical (storage), logical (structure), and view (user perspective).
What are the types of data models?
Types include hierarchical, network, relational, and entity-relationship (ER) models. The relational model uses tables, while the ER model represents entities and relationships.
What is the ER Model?
The Entity-Relationship (ER) Model is a conceptual design tool that visualizes entities (objects), attributes (properties), and relationships (connections between entities).
What is the Relational Model?
The Relational Model organizes data into tables (relations) with rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). It uses keys to establish relationships between tables.
What are the types of keys in DBMS?
Types include primary key (unique identifier), foreign key (links tables), candidate key (potential primary key), super key (combination of attributes), and composite key (multiple columns as a key).
What is normalization?
Normalization is the process of structuring a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity by dividing tables and defining relationships.
What is denormalization?
Denormalization adds redundancy to a normalized database to optimize read performance, often at the cost of increased storage or update complexity.
What are transactions and concurrency control?
Transactions are logical units of work (e.g., bank transfers). Concurrency control ensures multiple transactions execute without conflicts, using techniques like locking and timestamping.
What is indexing in DBMS?
Indexing improves data retrieval speed using structures like B-trees and B+ trees, which organize data hierarchically for efficient searching and sorting.
What is SQL?
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases. It includes commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
How is DBMS used in schools/colleges?
DBMS manages student records, including personal details, academic performance, attendance, and extracurricular activities in a centralized system.
How is DBMS used in banks?
Banks use DBMS to maintain secure customer databases with account numbers, transaction histories, and personal details, ensuring data consistency and security.
What is DBMS architecture?
DBMS architecture defines the structure for designing and interacting with databases, typically divided into three tiers: external (user view), conceptual (logical design), and internal (physical storage).
What is a multimedia database?
A multimedia database stores and manages diverse data types like images, videos, and text, often used in applications requiring complex data retrieval.
