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Flashcards in Intro 2 Deck (20)
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1
Q

Each piece of time–called a _______ gives a process enough time for significant computation.

A

time slice

2
Q

Because time slices are so small, humans can’t perceive them, and the system appears to be running multiple processes at the same time (a capability known as _____).

A

multitasking

3
Q

When does the kernel run?

A

Between process time slices during a context switch.

4
Q

Modern CPUs include a memory management unit (MMU) that enables a memory access schem called __________.

A

virtual memory

5
Q

When using virtual memory, a process does not directly access the memory by its ________.

A

physical location in the hardware

6
Q

The implementation of a memory address map is called a ________.

A

page table

7
Q

Device drivers have traditionally been part of the ____, and they strive to present _____ to ____ in order to simplify the software developer’s job.

A

kernel
a uniform interface
user processes

8
Q

Two system calls, ___ and ____, are important to understanding how processes start up.

A

fork()

exec()

9
Q

When a process calls fork(), the kernel ______.

A

creates a nearly identical copy of the process

10
Q

When a process calls exec(program), the kernel________.

A

starts program, replacing the current process.

11
Q

Other than ____, all user processes on a Linux system start as a result of fork().

A

init

12
Q

Pseudo-devices look like devices to user processes, but _____.

A

they’re purely implemented in software.

13
Q

What is a user?

A

A user is an entity that can run processes and own files.

14
Q

Users exist primarily to support ________.

A

permissions and boundaries

15
Q

Every user-space process has a ________, and processes are said to run _______.

A

user-owner

as the owner

16
Q

What are groups and what is their primary purpose?

A

Groups are sets of users. The primary purpose of groups is to allow a user to hsare file access to other users in a group.

17
Q

Where is the shell located?

A

/bin/sh

18
Q

Linux uses an enhanced version of the Bourne shell developed by Bell Labs for early versions of Unix. The enhanced version is called ____ or the ______ shell.

A

bash

Bourne-again

19
Q

What does it mean when a shell command starts with a #?

A

Run the command as root

20
Q

What is the difference between CTRL-D and CTRL-C?

A

CTRL-D stops the current standard input entry from the terminal (and often terminates a program)

CTRl-C terminates a program regardless of its input or output