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Diagnostic Imaging > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Another word for increased opacity is:

A

sclerosis

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2
Q

Another word for decreased opacity is:

A

lucency

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3
Q

What are the ABCs for plain film?

A

Alignment
Bone/bone density
Cartilage (space)
Soft tissue

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4
Q

Air or contrast injected into joint is a process called:

A

Arthrography

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5
Q

When radiopharmaceuticals are injected for bone scan, areas of uptake indicate:

A

increased metabolic activity

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6
Q

What is a myelogram?

A

injection of contrast dye to subarachnoid space; CT/radiograph taken

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7
Q

What is a myelogram used to assess?

A

SC
nerve roots
meninges
cysts

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8
Q

MRI is based on excitability of __ atoms in human tissues.

A

H+

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9
Q

T1 is good for detecting ____; fat and bone marrow appear ___; fluids like CSF, urine, edema appear ____

A

good anatomical detail
fat bright
fluid dark

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10
Q

T2 is good for detecting ____; fat and bone marrow appear ___; fluids like CSF, urine, edema appear ____

A

inflammation and fluid ddx
fat dark
dark bright

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11
Q

Proton density imaging is helpful for observation of:

A

tendon, meniscus, ligament, cartilage

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12
Q

STIR = short tau inversion recovery; emphasizes what kind of structures?

A

fluid-rich (similar to T2); suppresses fat;

best for detecting occult fx’s

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13
Q

*What normal structures appear black in all sequences?

A

tendons, meniscus, labrum, ligaments

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14
Q

What are the transient effects of strong magnetic field?

A

dizziness, vertigo, nausea, concentration

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15
Q

What causes a radio frequency burn?

A

the energy is released as heat

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16
Q

What can you see/do/measure with RUSI ?

A 
Muscle length
Muscle depth
Muscle diameter
Muscle cross sectional area
Muscle volume
Muscle contraction/ timing of contractions
Tissue deformation with contraction
Qualitative assessment of muscle/tissue density (i.e. fatty infiltrate)
Muscle discontinuity / tears
17
Q

Hyperechoic structures include:

A

hyperechoic (light)

Cortical bone, tendons, ligaments, hyaline cartilage, nerve

18
Q

Hypoechoic structures include:

A

hypoechoic (less bright)

muscle, bursa

19
Q

What’s good about US? Saf

A

e, Real time, Cost effective, Portable, Clinically accessible, No ionizing radiation

20
Q

What sucks about US?

A

Needs skill/training to run - $$$ to purchase - Limited evidence for PT practice - Limited training available for PTs

21
Q

Curvilinear US

A

Lower freqs, see deeper structures

22
Q

Linear US

A

Higher freqs, more superficial and linear structures (tendon)

23
Q

Limitation of US for joints and bones?

A

Limited in showing joint surfaces and intra-articular structures; Can only show cortical outline of bone

24
Q

What is CT great at showing?

A

Lung, Bone, Organs, Vessels

25
Q

What is CT radiation dose?

A

3x background radiation

26
Q

Pro’s of CT

A 
Can work w/ metal implants  
> availability 
 < \$\$  
< claustrophobia  
faster
27
Q

Con’s of CT

A

MRI > for fine detail
not good for non-displaced Fx’s
Images only in Axial plane

28
Q

How is Myelogram done?

A

Dye injected into Subarachnoid space, assessed with PF or CT

29
Q

What is Myelogram used to assess?

A

Spinal cord, Nerve roots, Meninges, Cysts

30
Q

How many imaging sequences does MRI use, and how long to they take?

A

2-6 sequences, at 2-15 minutes/sequences

31
Q

This subtype of imaging has both T1 & T2 properties: _____. What’s it good for?

A

Proton Density Imaging.

Good with tendon, meniscus, & cartilage

32
Q

What is STIR similar to? What is bad about it?

A

T2. Poor resolution

33
Q

What’s good about STIR?

A

Emphasizes fluid-rich stuff

Detects occult Fx’s like a boss

34
Q

Top 5 things about MRI

A
  1. Great at ST fine details 2. Contrast has fewer allergic reactions 3. No radiation 4. Great view of changes in bone marrow (CA & AVN) 5. Diff sequences incr Sn for finding disease
35
Q

Top 5 ways MRI stinks

A
  1. No pacemakers 2. No ferromagnetic implants 3. Metal ~safe, but distorts 4. Too slow for unstable pts 5. Can’t tell betw CA & edema

Diagnostic Imaging (6 decks)

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