Intro

Question 1

Another word for increased opacity is:

Answer 1

sclerosis

Question 2

Another word for decreased opacity is:

Answer 2

lucency

Question 3

What are the ABCs for plain film?

Answer 3

Alignment
Bone/bone density
Cartilage (space)
Soft tissue

Question 4

Air or contrast injected into joint is a process called:

Answer 4

Arthrography

Question 5

When radiopharmaceuticals are injected for bone scan, areas of uptake indicate:

Answer 5

increased metabolic activity

Question 6

What is a myelogram?

Answer 6

injection of contrast dye to subarachnoid space; CT/radiograph taken

Question 7

What is a myelogram used to assess?

Answer 7

SC
nerve roots
meninges
cysts

Question 8

MRI is based on excitability of __ atoms in human tissues.

Answer 8

H+

Question 9

T1 is good for detecting ____; fat and bone marrow appear ___; fluids like CSF, urine, edema appear ____

Answer 9

good anatomical detail
fat bright
fluid dark

Question 10

T2 is good for detecting ____; fat and bone marrow appear ___; fluids like CSF, urine, edema appear ____

Answer 10

inflammation and fluid ddx
fat dark
dark bright

Question 11

Proton density imaging is helpful for observation of:

Answer 11

tendon, meniscus, ligament, cartilage

Question 12

STIR = short tau inversion recovery; emphasizes what kind of structures?

Answer 12

fluid-rich (similar to T2); suppresses fat;

best for detecting occult fx’s

Question 13

*What normal structures appear black in all sequences?

Answer 13

tendons, meniscus, labrum, ligaments

Question 14

What are the transient effects of strong magnetic field?

Answer 14

dizziness, vertigo, nausea, concentration

Question 15

What causes a radio frequency burn?

Answer 15

the energy is released as heat

Question 16

What can you see/do/measure with RUSI ?

Answer 16

Muscle length
Muscle depth
Muscle diameter
Muscle cross sectional area
Muscle volume
Muscle contraction/ timing of contractions
Tissue deformation with contraction
Qualitative assessment of muscle/tissue density (i.e. fatty infiltrate)
Muscle discontinuity / tears

Question 17

Hyperechoic structures include:

Answer 17

hyperechoic (light)

Cortical bone, tendons, ligaments, hyaline cartilage, nerve

Question 18

Hypoechoic structures include:

Answer 18

hypoechoic (less bright)

muscle, bursa

Question 19

What’s good about US? Saf

Answer 19

e, Real time, Cost effective, Portable, Clinically accessible, No ionizing radiation

Question 20

What sucks about US?

Answer 20

Needs skill/training to run - $$$ to purchase - Limited evidence for PT practice - Limited training available for PTs

Question 21

Curvilinear US

Answer 21

Lower freqs, see deeper structures

Question 22

Linear US

Answer 22

Higher freqs, more superficial and linear structures (tendon)

Question 23

Limitation of US for joints and bones?

Answer 23

Limited in showing joint surfaces and intra-articular structures; Can only show cortical outline of bone

Question 24

What is CT great at showing?

Answer 24

Lung, Bone, Organs, Vessels

Question 25

What is CT radiation dose?

Answer 25

3x background radiation

Question 26

Pro's of CT

Answer 26

``` Can work w/ metal implants > availability < $$ < claustrophobia faster ```

Question 27

Con's of CT

Answer 27

MRI > for fine detail not good for non-displaced Fx's Images only in Axial plane

Question 28

How is Myelogram done?

Answer 28

Dye injected into Subarachnoid space, assessed with PF or CT

Question 29

What is Myelogram used to assess?

Answer 29

Spinal cord, Nerve roots, Meninges, Cysts

Question 30

How many imaging sequences does MRI use, and how long to they take?

Answer 30

2-6 sequences, at 2-15 minutes/sequences

Question 31

This subtype of imaging has both T1 & T2 properties: _____. What's it good for?

Answer 31

Proton Density Imaging. | Good with tendon, meniscus, & cartilage

Question 32

What is STIR similar to? What is bad about it?

Answer 32

T2. Poor resolution

Question 33

What's good about STIR?

Answer 33

Emphasizes fluid-rich stuff | Detects occult Fx's like a boss

Question 34

Top 5 things about MRI

Answer 34

1. Great at ST fine details 2. Contrast has fewer allergic reactions 3. No radiation 4. Great view of changes in bone marrow (CA & AVN) 5. Diff sequences incr Sn for finding disease

Question 35

Top 5 ways MRI stinks

Answer 35

1. No pacemakers 2. No ferromagnetic implants 3. Metal ~safe, but distorts 4. Too slow for unstable pts 5. Can't tell betw CA & edema