Intro

Question 1

Which form of immunity is this: protection is transferred from other source

Answer 1

Passive

Question 2

Which form of immunity is this: body makes protection

Answer 2

Active

Question 3

Different components may be specific for molecules produced
by different classes of microbes but do not react against
noninfectious foreign particles

Answer 3

Innate Immunity

Question 4

this type of immunity enhances adaptive immune responses against infectious agents

Answer 4

Innate

Question 5

In _____ type of immunity, reside underneath barrier to kill off microbes before we activate adaptive immunity.

Answer 5

Innate; phagocytes

Question 6

This type of immunity is slower but more effective

Answer 6

Adaptive Immunity

Question 7

These express receptors that specifically recognize

antigens produced by microbes as well as noninfectious molecules

Answer 7

Lymphocytes

Question 8

What are the receptors on B cells?

Answer 8

Immunoglobulin reeceptor (Ig) (antibody) or surface antibody (ab) receptors

Question 9

What are the receptors on T cells?

Answer 9

P cell receptors (PCRs)

Question 10

What trap specific Ag receptors on their surface?

Answer 10

lymphocytes

Question 11

What is the first line of defense in innate immunity?

Answer 11

epithelial barriers and specialized cells and natural antibiotics present in epithelia - these all function to block the entry of microbes

Question 12

What is the responding lymphocyte in humoral immunity?

Answer 12

B cells

Question 13

What is the responding lymphocyte in cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 13

T cells

Question 14

What do B lymphocytes do in humoral immunity?

Answer 14

they eliminate the extracellular microbes?

Question 15

What do T lymphocytes do in cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 15

they activate macrophages to destroy phagocytosed microbes or kill infected cells directly.

Question 16

____________ recognize many different types of molecules/antigens
including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

Answer 16

Antibodies

Question 17

_________ recognize only proteins

Answer 17

T Cells

Question 18

only antibody that can cross the placenta

Answer 18

IgG

Question 19

antibody that confers passive immunity to breastfed infant

Answer 19

IgA

Question 20

Which type of T cells activate phagocytes to destroy
microbes that have been ingested by the phagocytes
into intracellular vesicles

Answer 20

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 21

Which type of T cells kill any type of host cells that are harboring infectious microbes in the cytoplasm?

Answer 21

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

Question 22

Which type of immunity is short term?

Answer 22

Passive

Question 23

What is a naive individual?

Answer 23

one who hasn’t encountered an antigen yet

Question 24

Which response (primary or secondary) is more rapid and larger ?

Answer 24

secondary

Question 25

the ability of one antibody to bind one and not another member of a family of chemically related substances

Answer 25

specificity

Question 26

is the strength of attraction between an antigen and an antibody. In a second response, the affinity increases.

Answer 26

affinity

Question 27

Which type of lymphocyte does no express a receptor against an antigen?

Answer 27

natural killer cell

Question 28

What is the responding lymphocyte in innate immunity?

Answer 28

natural killer cell

Question 29

What do APC's do?

Answer 29

capture antigens for display to lymphocytes

Question 30

Which type of APC initiaties a T cell repsonse?

Answer 30

dendritic cells

Question 31

Which type of APC is responsible for initiation and effector phase of cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 31

macrophages

Question 32

Which type of APC displays antigens to B lymphocytes in humora immune responses?

Answer 32

Follicular dendritic cells

Question 33

Where are tissue macrophages derived from?

Answer 33

blood monocytes

Question 34

Which Class of lymphocyte is this? -Recognize -> soluble or cell surface antigens (extracellular microbes)

Answer 34

B lymphocytes

Question 35

Which Class of lymphocyte is this? | -Recognize -> peptide antigens displayed by MHC molecules on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells.

Answer 35

Helper T lymphocytes

Question 36

Which Class of lymphocyte is this? -Recognize -> peptide antigens presented by MHCs molecules on infected cells. (intracellular microbes)

Answer 36

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 37

What is the effector function for a B lymphocyte?

Answer 37

antibodies neutralize, prevent infection, lead to elimination of microbes and activate compliment.

Question 38

What is the effector function for Helper T lymphocytes?

Answer 38

secrete cytokines, which stimulate different mechanisms of immunity and inflammation.

Question 39

What is the effector function for CTLs?

Answer 39

direct killing of infected cell

Question 40

What is the effector function for Regulatory T cells?

Answer 40

suppresses activation or effector function of lymphocytes, specifically those who react to self-antigen.

Question 41

Which class of lymphocytes main tolerance to self-antigens?

Answer 41

regulatory T cells

Question 42

Which class of lymphocytes recognizes changes on the surface of infected cells?

Answer 42

Natural killer cells

Question 43

What is the effector function of natural killer cells?

Answer 43

Capable of rapidly attacking infected host cells as components of innate immunity, but do not express specific antigen receptors like B and T cells.

Question 44

Which 2 classes of lymphocytes have the same mechanism of killing?

Answer 44

Cytotoxic T cells and Natural Killer Cells

Question 45

Lymphocytes develop from precursors in what organs?

Answer 45

bone marrow and thymus

Question 46

What does a lymphocyte need to be functional?

Answer 46

an antigen receptor

Question 47

What happens to mature lymphocytes if they aren't activated by an antigen?

Answer 47

Since they are naive, they die.

Question 48

What are the effector cells of the CD8+ lineage?

Answer 48

CTLs

Question 49

What happens to effector cells after they selimate the antigen?

Answer 49

they die

Question 50

What do mature B cells have on the surface?

Answer 50

IgM and IgD

Question 51

many naive b cells have low affinity for what?

Answer 51

antigen

Question 52

What have the highest affinity antigen receptor?

Answer 52

Memory B-cells

Question 53

When activated, what do mature B cells exhibit? What happens?

Answer 53

Class switch recombination; can change its class by changing its heavy chain which changes the type of antibody but doesn't change specificity of the antigen

Question 54

This type of cell doesn't leave the spleen/lymph bodes

Answer 54

plasma cells, but the antibodies circulate

Question 55

This type of cell migrates to the site of infection, once it was activated in the lymph nodes

Answer 55

T cells

Question 56

The common portals of entry for microbes contain what?

Answer 56

APCs

Question 57

What are the professional APCs? What do they do?

Answer 57

Dendritic cells; they capture antigen with their long processes

Question 58

Where do the follicular dendritic cells reside?

Answer 58

germinal centers of lymphoid follicles in the peripheral lymphoid organs

Question 59

What are the common portals of entry for microbes?

Answer 59

skin, GIT, Resp Tract

Question 60

____________circulate throughout the body and preferentially go to specialized organs where antigen is concentrated.

Answer 60

Naive lymphocytes

Question 61

_________ go to sites of infection from where microbes have to be eliminated.

Answer 61

Effector T cells

Question 62

______ specific for an antigen interact with and help B cells specific for the same antigen, resulting in antibody production.

Answer 62

Helper T cells

Question 63

Which are considered generative (primary/central) lymphoid organs?

Answer 63

thymus and bone marrow

Question 64

Which are considered peripheral (or secondary) lymphoid organs ?

Answer 64

lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal and cutaneous immune systems

Question 65

What are the three key players needed for immune response?

Answer 65

lymphocytes, antigens, APCs

Question 66

What do naive lymphocytes do?

Answer 66

They circulate the body and go to specialized organs where antigen is concentrated

Question 67

What do Effector T cells do?

Answer 67

go to sites of infection from where microbes have to be eliminated

Question 68

What do Helper T cells do?

Answer 68

they are specific for antigen interaction and help B cells specific for the same antgen

Question 69

Are follicles with a germinal center considered primary or secondary? And those without?

Answer 69

With germinal center = secondary | Without germinal center = primary

Question 70

This is found in the follicle in the cortex where B-cell is responding to antigen

Answer 70

germinal center

Question 71

Where in the lymph node are T cells found?

Answer 71

paracortex

Question 72

Where in the lymph node are B cells found?

Answer 72

in periphery (in cortex)

Question 73

Where do plasma cells migrate towards?

Answer 73

medullary cord

Question 74

Where in the spleen are T cells?

Answer 74

PALS

Question 75

Where in the spleen are B cells?

Answer 75

in follicles adjacent to PALS

Question 76

What do FDCs secrete?

Answer 76

chemokines

Question 77

What do T cells in the spleen express?

Answer 77

CCR7 receptor that recognizes chemokines

Question 78

What responds to lymph-borne antigens?

Answer 78

lymph nodes

Question 79

What serves immune responses to blood-borne antigens?

Answer 79

spleen

Question 80

How do naive T cells migrate from the blood?

Answer 80

through high endothelial venules

Question 81

Where is L-selectin found and what does it do?

Answer 81

Naive T cells express the surface receptor L-selectin, which binds to carbohydrate ligands expressed only on the endothelial cells of high endothelial venules

Question 82

What is the difference between antigens in lymph node and spleen?

Answer 82

Spleen - blood born antigens | lymph node - lymph born antigens

Question 83

Once the expression od CCR7 stops, what is expressed?

Answer 83

Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptors

Question 84

these direct the show; they produce soluble mediators called cytokines

Answer 84

Helper T cells

Question 85

protein molecules that bind specific receptors

Answer 85

cytokines

Question 86

identify infected cells by viruses; identify mismatched transplant tissue; identify tumor cells, and kill them

Answer 86

CTLs

Question 87

In innate immunity, lymphocytes react against microbes ______ react against noninfectious foreign particles

Answer 87

but DO NOT react against noninfectious foreign particles.

Question 88

In adaptive Immunity, lymphocytes react against microbes _____ react against noninfectious foreign particles

Answer 88

AND noninfectious foreign particles