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Respiratory System > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

0
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between
BLOOD
&
LUNGS

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1
Q

3 types respiration

A

External
Internal
Cellular

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2
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between
BLOOD
&
CELLS

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3
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Metabolic process

ATP production

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4
Q

What are 3 stages of respiration cycle

A

VENTILATION - actual sucking in/out of air
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION - lungs-blood
INTERNAL RESPIRATION - blood - cells

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5
Q

Why does CPR work?

A

Because exhaled hair contains oxygen

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6
Q

Other word for inhalation

A

Inspiration

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7
Q

Other word for exhalation

A

Expiration

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8
Q

Carbon dioxide is a by product of the production of what in the body?

A

ATP

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9
Q

Why does your nose dry out in the v cold - Lapland?

A

Because it moistens the air

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10
Q

Organs that make up the tube of the respiratory system from top to bottom

A

Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tube

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11
Q

Structure of bronchial tree large to small

A

Bronchial tube
Bronchi - primary, secondary, tertiary
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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12
Q

Why are alveoli like leaves?

A

Only site for gas exchange in bronchial tree

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13
Q

Which part of the respiratory system moistens the air

A

Upper respiratory tract

Larynx upwards

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14
Q

Role of heart & lungs re blood/oxygen

A

Lungs - oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide out.
Heart - pumps oxygenated blood to peripheries, pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs for re oxygenation
Repeats

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15
Q

Glucose + oxygen =

A

ATP

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16
Q

What type blood vessel are capillaries?

A

B

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17
Q

2 types blood vessels and their role?

A

Arteries - 02

Veins co2

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18
Q

What are microbes?

A

Any living organism that may enter the body
Bacteria/fungus
Not worms

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19
Q

What role does mucus play in smelling

A

Particles from the smells dissolve in the mucus.

Receptors detect odorants

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20
Q

Describe the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract

A

Epithelial membrane with mucous secreting goblet cells and thousands of cilia

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21
Q

Which direction to the cilia move

A

Beat upwards away from alveoli towards throat

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22
Q

What happens to cilia in smokers

A

Get paralysed

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23
Q

What happens to the debris once the cilia have moved it up to the throat?

A

Swallowed - protecting lungs from inhaled pathogens/debris

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24
What is the moving cilia system known as?
Mucociliary escalator
25
3 functions of mucus
Traps inhaled particles Acts as a surfactant Has anti microbial properties
26
What does a surfactant do
Lowers surface tension of a liquid | Allows easier spreading
27
What do goblet cells produce
Mucus
28
Describe nasal cavity
Irregular cavity | Divided by septum (hyaline cartilage)
29
5 functions of nose/nasal cavity
``` Filtering air Warming/cooling air Humidification Sneezing reflex Olfactory function ```
30
What and where are our sinuses
X
31
What are the para nasal sinuses
Cavities in the bones with small openings to the nasal cavity Contain air & mucous membrane
32
What is sinusitis
Inflammation of mucous membranes of the sinuses
33
4 functions of paranasal sinuses
Resonance in speech Lighten cranium Drain tears from eyes Moisten/humidify air
34
Which ducts in sinuses drain tears from eyes?
Nasolacrimal
35
Where is the zygomatic arch
C
36
Name 3 parts of pharynx
Nasopharynx - rear of nose, adenoids Oropharynx - back of throat Laryngopharynx - deep throat (where tickly cough felt)
37
Other term for adenoids
Nasopharyngeal tonsil
38
What tubes link the nasopharynx to the middle ear
Eustacian tubes
39
What do eustacian tubes do
Connect middle ear and nasopharynx | Allow equalisation of pressure in middle ear
40
Functions of pharynx
``` Passageway for air/food Warming/humidify ing Taste - gustatory sensors Hearing (communicates with ear) Equalisation of pressure in middle ear via eustacian tubes Immune protection - tonsils Speech - resonating chamber ```
41
Where are the maxillary sinuses
Either side of base of nose
42
Where are ethmoid sinuses
Deep behind bridge of nose
43
Where are frontal sinuses
Above eyebrows
44
What is the first contact organ of the respiratory system?
The nose
45
Purpose of irregular structure of internal nasal cavity | Valleys & hills
Makes turbulence Moves air around, traps dirt Warms/cools/humidifies air
46
What are olfactory epithelium
Specialised cells
47
What helps maintain structure of trachea
Horseshoe shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
48
What is the function of the hyaline cartilage horseshoes in the trachea
Maintains structure | Keeps airway open
49
What tube runs parallel to trachea
Oesophagus
50
What is the flap that covers the top of oesophagus
Epiglottis
51
Why are discs in trachea horseshoe shaped not rounded
Allows for expansion of oesophagi a
52
What type of muscle makes up the oesophagus
Smooth - expands & contracts
53
Where is the hyoid bone in relation to the larynx
Above
54
What is the larynx also known as
Voice box | Adam's apple
55
What are the 3 components of larynx
Cartilage Epiglottis Vocal cords
56
Structure of vocal cords
Folds mucous membrane stretched horizontally across larynx
57
How do vocal cords move to change pitch of voice
Relaxed - loose - low Contract - tight - high
58
4 functions of Larynx
Sound/speech Protection (epiglottis closes off trachea during swallowing) Air passageway Warm/cool/humidify air
59
2 structural layers of trachea
Outer - cartilage bands & smooth muscle | Inner - ciliates epithelium
60
Is trachea part of mucociliaryescalator?
Yes
61
Which are the two sides & their functions of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic - fight/flight | Parasympathetic - rest/digest
62
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the trachea
Dilation
63
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the trachea
Construction
64
4 functions of trachea
Air flow Mucociliary escalator Cough reflex Warming, humidifying, filtering (if nec)
65
Why is adrenalin administered during Athena/anaphylactic shock?
Initiates sympathetic nervous system - dilates airways
66
What controls the involuntary smooth muscle of the trachea
Autonomic nervous system
67
Research - inflammation body heals itself fibrous tissue
F
68
What speeds can the coughing reflex reach up to
600miles an hour
69
Which nerve involved with coughing reflex
Vagus nerve
70
What is vagus nerve known as
Cranial nerve no 10 CNX
71
8 steps of coughing reflex
``` Irritation Stimulates sensitive nerve endings in larynx, trachea, bronchi Nerve impulse to vagus nerve Info to respiratory centre in brain stem Deep inspiration Closure of glottis/vocal cords Contracts ab/resp muscles = increases pressure Forced removal of irritation ```
72
Do bronchi bronchioles have ciliates epthithelium
Yes
73
Effect of parasympathetic nervous system on bronchi
Bronchi construction
74
Effect of sympathetic nervous system on bronchi
Bronchi dilation
75
Why do alveoli have a large surface area
Maximise GASEOUS EXCHANGE between air and blood
76
How many alveoli in each lung
300 million!
77
What is present in alveoli which prevents them from drying out
Surfactant | And immune cells - protect from pathogens
78
Is surfactant present in lungs of premature babies
No - difficulty breathing
79
What does surfactant in alveoili enable
Gases to dissolve/move via passive diffusion
80
What effect does stab wound/puncture have on pleural membrane
No pulling power/suction Loss of vacuum Poss collapsed lung
81
Top/bottom of lung known as
Alex | Base
82
2 surfaces of lung known as
Costal surface - contacts ribs Medial surface - contacts trachea, heart
83
How many lobes each lung
Right - 3 | Left - 2
84
Cavity of heart
Mediastinum
85
How does pleura help expansion of lungs
Pleura stuck to lungs Lungs sucked to pleura PASSIVE DILATION

Respiratory System (3 decks)

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