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Respiratory Pathologies Flashcards

(55 cards)

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0
Q

3/4 kinds sputum

A

Yellow/green - cellular material present
Clear/white - normal
Red - haemoptysis - could be tb, cancer, burst blood vessel

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1
Q

Common signs/symptoms of respiratory problems

A 
Congestion
Runny nose
Sneezing
Cough
Sputum
Wheezing
Chest pain
Breathlessness
Dyspnoea
Orthopnoea 
Tachypnoea 
Hyperventilation
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2
Q

Mucus v sputum difference

A

Mucus more fluid from sinuses

Sputum more gel-like

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3
Q

Dyspnoea definition

A

Awareness of breathing,

Difficult/painful breathing

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4
Q

Orthopnoea definition

A

Breathlessness lying down

Fluid on lungs

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5
Q

Tachypnoea

A

Increased rate breathing

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6
Q

Which cells may be in sputum which are mischief makers in asthma

A

Eosinophils

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7
Q

Medical investigations for respiratory pathologies

A

Blood tests (wbc count)
Biochemistry tests
Sputum analysis & microbiology
Imaging - chest x ray/ mri

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8
Q

Naturopathic investigations respiratory pathologies

A

Tongue investigation
Sputum colour
Pulse diagnosis
Allergy testing

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9
Q

Physical examinations for respiratory disorders

A

Percussion & auscultation

Respiratory/function tests

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10
Q

Term referring to acute CATARRHAL inflammation/congestion of nasal mucosa associated with nasal discharge

A

Coryza

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11
Q

What is catarrh

A

Excessive thick

Mucous & white blood cells associated with inflammation/ congestion of respiratory tract mucosa

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12
Q

Non-allergic rhinitis associated with what

A 
Environmental & lifestyle changes
Humidity
Diet
Depression
Stress etc
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13
Q

Causes of Coryza

A 
Infection (cold)
Allergies/hay fever
Non-allergic rhinitis
Sinusitis 
Measles

Can occur simultaneously

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14
Q

Anosmia meaning

A

loss smell

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15
Q

2 viruses causing common cold

A

rhinovirus or coronavirus

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16
Q

What can be an early sign of sinusitis

A

a tooth infection

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17
Q

Pathophysiology nasal polyps

A

chronic inflammation -
BVs in nose lining more permeable-
get waterlogged + gravity = polyps

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18
Q

Why might antibiotics be a good idea if your child has tonsillitis

A

if bacterial, strep.

v damaging to kidneys - after 1 day, go allopathic

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19
Q

how to tell if tonsillitis is viral/bacterial

A

bacterial temp higher

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20
Q

quinsy also known as

A

peritonsillar

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21
Q

dysphagia means

A

difficulty swallowing

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22
Q

Trismus means

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A

limited mouth opening

23
Q

Hyperplasia definition

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A

abnormal increase in normal number of cells

24
two types asthma
EXTRINSIC - Allergic asthma | INTRINSIC - via exposure to irritant (no antibodies)
25
Which type asthma adults/kids usually get
Kids - extrinsic allergic, linked to excema | adults intrinsic
26
Difference between blue & brown pump asthma
blue - bronchi dilators | brown corticosteroids
27
how to tell if an asthma attack is bad
person cannot speak in sentences
28
what to do in case of bad asthma attack
focus on breathing out/into brown paper bag keep calm use inhaler/nebuliser call ambulance if not under control
29
What does COPD stand for
Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease
30
2 main diseases of COPD
Emphysema | Chronic Bronchitis
31
Why called COPD?
Most tend to have both diseases, so more accurate. Emphysema always has Chronic Bronchitis Chronic Bronchitis not always emphysema
32
what happens in emphysema
walls/ducts alveoli damaged/destroyed | reduced gas exchange in lungs
33
progression of emphysema
Alveoli rupture and inflamed tissues scars - | Pulmonary Fibrosis
34
what happens in Chronic bronchitis
constant irritation/inflammation bronchial lining = accumulation of mucous. narrowing of passageways hard to breathe
35
progression chronic bronchitis
stagnant mucous/pus blocks airways
36
Symptoms COPD
``` early - smokers cough chronic cough stinky sputum dyspnoea, wheezing clubbed nails - not enough 02 to peripheries cyanosis barrel chest - straining to breathe more ```
37
Complications COPD
Hypoxia Pulmonary Hypertension Respiratory Failure
38
how do you get cystic fibrosis
genetic
39
what happens in Cystic Fibrosis
Lungs and Digestive system clog with thick sticky mucus
40
What is lung fibrosis also known as
pulmonary fibrosis
41
what happens in pulmonary fibrosis
gradual fibrosis and loss elasticity in lungs
42
causes pulmonary fibrosis
idiopathic or secondary to CF, COPD
43
What happens in obstructive sleep apnoea
walls of throat relax and narrow during sleep | interrupts breathing
44
2 types sleep apnoea
apnoea - full blockage | hypopnoea - partial
45
causes sleep apnoea
obesity, enlarged tonsils, nasal obstructions, alcohol, sedatives
46
symptoms sleep apnoea
loud snoring, nocturnal choking, morning headache, tiredness
47
what is pneumothorax
air trapped in pleura next to lung | lung fully or partially collapses
48
2 types pneumothorax
spontaneous - secondary to TB, CF, Emphysema, asthma, cancer | traumatic - puncture to chest wall/surgery complication
49
Symptoms pneumothorax
cyanosis, hypoxia, loss consciousness, coma | EMERGENCY!!!
50
What is Pleurisy/pleuritis
inflammation of pleura due to infection or cancer
51
symptoms pleurisy/pleuritis
sharp chest pain, worse with breathing
52
What happens in pulmonary embolism
Embolus (mobile clot) blocks pulmonary artery, usually from a DVT
53
symptoms pulmonary embolism
sharp stabbing chest pain, dyspnoea, cough, fainting
54
complications pulmonary embolism
shock due to blocked pulmonary circulation

Respiratory System (3 decks)

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