Intro

Question 1

India Ink

Answer 1

Cryptococcus neoformans (can also use mucicarmine)

Question 1

Aerobes (obligate?)

Answer 1

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, mycobacterium TB

Question 2

Fungicx req

Answer 2

Sabourad agar

Question 2

Exo vs endo heat stability

Answer 2

exo unstable, endo stable

Question 3

Anaerobes

Answer 3

Fusobacterium, Clostridium, bacterioides, actinomyces

Question 4

Urease positive organisms

Answer 4

Cryptococcus, H pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S. epi, S. saprophyticus

Question 5

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

Answer 5

Whipple

Question 6

Spore

Answer 6

Resistance to environmental stress | Keratin like coat, dipicolinic acid, peptidoglycan

Question 7

Plasmid

Answer 7

Genes for abx resistance, enzymes, toxins | DNA

Question 8

Type 3 secretion aka injectisome

Answer 8

protein appendage that delivers toxin from GN bacteria

Question 9

Protein A

Answer 9

Staph aureus, Binds Fc of IgG

Question 10

Legionella cx req

Answer 10

Charcoal yeast w/ cystein and Fe

Question 11

B pertussis cx req

Answer 11

Bordet-Gengou agar, Regan Lowe medium

Question 12

Endo mechanism

Answer 12

Induces TNF, IL1, IL6

Question 13

Exo vs endo toxicity

Answer 13

Exo high, endo low

Question 14

Capsule

Answer 14

Protects against phagocytosis | discrete polysac layer

Question 15

Pilus/fimbria

Answer 15

Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface, sex pilus connects bacteria during conjugation | Glycoprotein

Question 16

Exo vs endo vaccines

Answer 16

Exo toxoids, endo no toxoids

Question 17

Exo vs endo antigenicity

Answer 17

Exo high, endo low

Question 18

Endo clinical effects

Answer 18

Fever, shock, DIC

Question 19

Bugs that don’t gram stain well

Answer 19

Treponema, Mycobacteria, mycoplasma, legionella, rickettsia, chlamydia (These Microbes May Lack Real Color)

Question 20

Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuchsin)

Answer 20

AFB (nocardia, mycobacteria), protozoa (cryptosporidium oocysts)

Question 21

Pigment producing bacteria

Answer 21

Actinomyces yellow sulfur granules, staph yellow, Pseudomonas blue-green, serratia red

Question 22

Catalase positive organisms

Answer 22

Nocardia, Burkholderia, pseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, e coli, Staph, serratia

Question 23

Silver stain

Answer 23

Fungi, Legionella, H. Pylori

Question 23

N. gonorrhea and N meningitidis cx req

Answer 23

Thayer-Martin Agar w/ vanc, trimethoprim, colistin, nystatin

Question 23

M. Tuberculosis cx req

Answer 23

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

Question 23

Obligate intracellular

Answer 23

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Coxiella

Question 23

Encapsulated bacteria vaccines typically require

Answer 23

Conjugated carrier protein (except PPSV)

Question 24

Recurrent catalase positive infections common in

Answer 24

Chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH oxidase deficiency)

Question 25

Exo vs endo chemistry

Answer 25

Exo polypeptide, endo LPS

Question 26

Giemsa stain

Answer 26

Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium (Certain bugs really try patience)

Question 27

C. diptheriae cx req

Answer 27

Tellurite agar, Loffler medium

Question 28

Facultative intracellular

Answer 28

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacteria, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia

Question 29

H flu culture req

Answer 29

Chocolate agar w/ Factor V (NAD+) and X (hematin)

Question 30

Outer membrane (GN)

Answer 30

Site of endotoxin (LPS), major surface antigen | Lipid A induces TNG and IL1, O polysacc is antigen

Question 31

Exo vs Endo gene location

Answer 31

Exo plasmid/bacteriophage, endo bacterial chromosome

Question 32

Exo vs endo typical diseases

Answer 32

Exo tetanus, botulism, diphtheria, Endo meningococcemia, GNR sepsis

Question 33

IgA protease

Answer 33

S pneumo, Hib, Neisseria

Question 34

E. coli cx req

Answer 34

Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar

Question 35

Periplasm

Answer 35

Space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in GN bacteria | hydrolytic enzymes such as betalactamase

Question 36

Exo vs endo secretion

Answer 36

Exo yes, endo no

Question 37

Encapsulated bacteria

Answer 37

S. pneumo, HiB, E Coli, N. meningitidis, Salmonella, Klebsiella, GBS

Question 38

Function of bacterial virulence factors

Answer 38

Evasion of host immune response

Question 39

M protein

Answer 39

GAS, possibly linked to rheumatic fever

Question 40

Lactose-fermenting enterics cx req

Answer 40

MacConkey agar (turns pink)

Question 41

M. pneumo cx req

Answer 41

Eaton agar (requires cholesterol)