Intro

Question 1

outside layer

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

middle layer

Answer 2

mesoderm

Question 3

inner layer

Answer 3

endoderm

Question 4

ectoderm folds and creates what?

Answer 4

lumen

Question 5

cluster of neurons outside the nervous system

Answer 5

ganglia

Question 6

nerve cells that carries messages between the brain and the body; they look like shooting stars

Answer 6

neurons

Question 7

cluster of neurons inside

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

means young or immature

Answer 8

blast

Question 9

tail of nerve

Answer 9

axon

Question 10

connects one neuron to another

Answer 10

interneuron

Question 11

sexual reproduction

Answer 11

mitosis

Question 12

union of cells

Answer 12

fertilization

Question 13

covers the neural tube and has no myelin covering; gray matter

Answer 13

mantle zone

Question 14

inner layer that has a myelin covering; white matter

Answer 14

axonal marginal layer

Question 15

finds its appropriate target in the periphery and central nervous system

Answer 15

growth cone

Question 16

forms the central canal of the fully developed spinal cord

Answer 16

neural canal

Question 17

process by which the number of cells in a developing embryo is multiplied through cell division

Answer 17

cell cleavage

Question 18

cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals

Answer 18

notochord

Question 19

key developmental structure that serves as the basis for the nervous system

Answer 19

neural plate/neural groove

Question 20

• enclosed ectoderm fold
• hollow structure from which the brain and spinal cord form
• surrounds the neural canal

Answer 20

neural tube

Question 21

gives rise to a diverse cell lineage

group of cells isolated by the process of neural tube fusion

Answer 21

neural crest

Question 22

other names for dorsal root ganglia

Answer 22

spinal ganglion

posterior root ganglion

Question 23

cluster of nerve cell bodies in a posterior root of a spinal nerve

Answer 23

dorsal root ganglia

Question 24

contain the sensory cell bodies which send their developing acons into the evolving spinal cord and skin

Answer 24

dorsal root ganglia

Question 25

dividing cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase

Answer 25

neuroblast

Question 26

ependymal layer

Answer 26

neuroblast

Question 27

create the dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord

Answer 27

alar and basal plates

Question 28

neural structure in the embryonic nervous system

Answer 28

Alar plate

Question 29

other name for alar plate

Answer 29

alar lamina

Question 30

becomes the sensory axon part of the spinal cord

Answer 30

caudal part

Question 31

region of the neural tube ventral to the sulculus limitans

Answer 31

basal plate

Question 32

develop at their interface in the throracic and upper lumbar cord

Answer 32

visceral efferent neurones

Question 33

relies on factors secreted dorsally ar ventrally from notochord

Answer 33

dorsal ventral patterning

Question 34

predominantly found in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus

Answer 34

neural progenitor cells

Question 35

failure of fusion of the anterior rostral neuropore

Answer 35

anencephaly

Question 36

any defect at the lower end of the vertebral column and spinal cord

Answer 36

spina bifida

Question 37

most common spina bifida that regers to a failure of fusion of the dorsal parts of the lower vertebrae

Answer 37

spina bifida occulta

Question 38

spectrum of defects that are a result of the abnormal migration of developing cortical neurons

Answer 38

cortical dysplasia

Question 39

forebrain

Answer 39

prosencephalon

Question 40

outer layer of cerebrum

Answer 40

cerebral cortex

Question 41

cerebrum

Answer 41

telencephalon

Question 42

group of stuctures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain involved in the coordination of movement

Answer 42

basal ganglia

Question 43

associated with memory and spatial navigation

Answer 43

hippocampus

Question 44

first to develop; involved in the sense of smell

Answer 44

olfactory bulb

Question 45

collection of stuctures located in the front and below the striatum that includes the nucleus accumbens

Answer 45

basal forebrain

Question 46

the caudal posterion part of the forebrain that contains the thalamic group and the third ventricle group

Answer 46

diencephalon

Question 47

parts of the diencephalon

Answer 47

``` thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus ventral thalamus 3rd ventricle ```

Question 48

midbrain

Answer 48

mesencephalon

Question 49

anatomic; brain, brainstem and spinal cords are parts of it

Answer 49

central nervous system

Question 50

begins at the foramen magnum; central canal

Answer 50

spinal cord

Question 51

site at the base of the skill where the medulla ends

Answer 51

foramen magnum

Question 52

nerve fibres that form the ascending and descending pathways

Answer 52

white matter

Question 53

located at the center of the spinal cord and contains the cell bodies of neurons

Answer 53

gray matter

Question 54

connected to the brainstem via 3 cerebellar peduncles

Answer 54

cerebellum

Question 55

cerebral hemisphere for motor

Answer 55

frontal

Question 56

cerebral hemisphere for sensory

Answer 56

parietal

Question 57

cerebral hemisphere for memories

Answer 57

temporal

Question 58

cerebral hemisphere for visual processing

Answer 58

occipital

Question 59

dense network of peripheral nerves

Answer 59

plexus

Question 60

outside the brain, brainstem and spinal cord; anatomical

Answer 60

peripheral nervous system

Question 61

functional | controls endocrine glands and homeostatic system

Answer 61

Autonomic nervous system

Question 62

collection of structures locate to the front and below striatura

Answer 62

basal forebrain

Question 63

located in the brain stem and sacrum

Answer 63

preganglionic neurons

Question 64

located in the vertebral and prevertebral ganglia

Answer 64

postganglionic neurons

Question 65

severe pain and autonomic changes confined to a single limb

Answer 65

reflex sympathetic dystrophies

Question 66

additional cell loss in the basal ganglia and cerebellum

Answer 66

multiple system atrophy

Question 67

motor functions and movement

Answer 67

enteric

Question 68

lies between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers

Answer 68

myenteric plexus

Question 69

lies between the circular muscle and muscularis mucosa

Answer 69

submucosal plexus

Question 70

localized absence of enteric nervous system in the colon causing constipation at birth

Answer 70

hirschprung's disease

Question 71

local degeneration of intrinsic neurons

Answer 71

parkinsons disease

Question 72

feelings in a critical situation

Answer 72

sympathetic

Question 73

post ganglionic trasmitter

Answer 73

noradrenaline

Question 74

feelings in everyday situations

Answer 74

parasympathetic

Question 75

hindbrain

Answer 75

rhombencephalon

Question 76

pons and cerebellum

Answer 76

metencephalon

Question 77

medulla

Answer 77

myelencepahon

Question 78

stages of the egg

Answer 78

``` fertilized egg 2 cell 4 cell 8 cell morula blastula early gastrula gastrula ```