Intro

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

Microscopic study of tissues, cells, organs and their function.

Question 2

Another for histology

Answer 2

Microscopic anatomy

Microanatomy

Question 3

Pathology

Answer 3

Study of disease

Question 4

Cytology

Answer 4

Study of cells (animal and plant)

Question 5

Cytopathology

Answer 5

Study of cellular disease and the use of cellular changes for diagnosis

Question 6

Cytobiology

Answer 6

Study of normal cellular anatomy, function, chemistry, communications, life cycle (mitosis and meiosis) genetics, molecular biology (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)

Question 7

Cell

Answer 7

Structural and functional unit of a tissue

Question 8

Studying cells needs ….. and resolution of details

Answer 8

Magnification

Question 9

4 types of tissues

Answer 9

Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscular tissues
Nervous tissues

Question 10

Tissues and their components are what color

Answer 10

Colorless

Question 11

Nucleus is …. therefore it needs a …. dye

Answer 11

Acidic

Basic

Question 12

Cytoplasm is … and needs a …. dye

Answer 12

Basic

Acidic

Question 13

Most common stain

Answer 13

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

Question 14

Hematoxylin color

Answer 14

Blue

Question 15

Hematoxylin is …… so it binds to …….. for example…….

Answer 15

Basic
Acidic components
Nuclei

Question 16

Eosin color

Answer 16

Pink

Question 17

Eosin is …. so it binds to …… such as…….

Answer 17

Acidic
Basic
Cytoplasm proteins

Question 18

Proteins that are produced by ribosomes are stained

Answer 18

Blue

Question 19

3 types of stains

Answer 19

Vital
Supra-vital
Special

Question 20

EM

Answer 20

Electron microscopy

Question 21

Electron dense

Answer 21

Deep black colour in the EM

Question 22

Electron lucent

Answer 22

Light colour in the EM

Question 23

Micrometer

Answer 23

1 X 10^-6 meter

Question 24

Nanometer

Answer 24

1X10^-9 meter

Question 25

Picometer

Answer 25

1X10^-12 meter

Question 26

Femtometer

Answer 26

1X10^-15 meter

Question 27

The cell consists of ... | 2 things

Answer 27

Cytoplasm | Nucleus

Question 28

cytoplasm consists of.... | 4

Answer 28

Cytosol Organelles Cytoskeleton Inclusions

Question 29

Organelles are.... while inclusions are.... | Living, non living

Answer 29

Living | Non living

Question 30

Which is essential: organelles or inclusions?

Answer 30

Organelles

Question 31

Inclusions function

Answer 31

Store Material or waste

Question 32

Organelles are ......while inclusions are ....... | Inert, active

Answer 32

Active | Inert

Question 33

(Organelles/ inclusions) are in all nucleated cells

Answer 33

Organelles

Question 34

(Inclusions/organelles) are temporary

Answer 34

Inclusions

Question 35

Cell organelles are divided to .. | 2

Answer 35

Membranous | Non membranous

Question 36

Membranous organelles are: | 8

Answer 36

``` Cell membrane Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Lysosomes Secretory vesicles Peroxisomes Coated vesicles Endosomes ```

Question 37

None membranous vesicles are: | 3

Answer 37

``` Ribosomes Filaments Microtubules Centrioles Glycogen inclusions (Radio F M ) ```

Question 38

Tissue preparation stages | 7

Answer 38

``` Fixation Dehydration Clearing Embedding Cutting Mounting Staining ```

Question 39

Fixation substances: | 4

Answer 39

``` Buffered formal saline 10% formalin Suza, boudin, zenkar solution Formaldehyde or Glutraldhyde Osmium tetraoxide- potassium permanganate ```

Question 40

Dehydration: | Definition

Answer 40

Gradual removal of water from the tissue using ascending grads of ethyl alcohol to prevent tissue shrinking

Question 41

Clearing

Answer 41

Replacement of alcohol in tissue by clearing fluid like xylem, benzene, or acetone.

Question 42

Embedding | 2

Answer 42

Tissues are impregnated in paraffin | Tissues are impregnated in epon in gelatine capsule

Question 43

Cutting

Answer 43

Paraffin blocks are cut

Question 44

Paraffin blocks are cut by microtome using..... | knives into ...

Answer 44

Metal | 6 micrometers sections

Question 45

Capsules are cut by ultra microtones using..... knives into ....

Answer 45

``` Glass, diamonds Ultra thin ( 50-100nm) ```

Question 46

Mounting: sections spread on ? | 2

Answer 46

Hot plate then mounted on glass slides | Metal grids

Question 47

Staining by heavy metals such as:

Answer 47

Uranyl acetate | Lead nitrate

Question 48

Staining

Answer 48

Special dyes stain histological sections and | make them ready for microscopic examination.

Question 49

Stains are : 3 With examples

Answer 49

Acidic (eosin) Basic (heamatoxylin) Neutral (leishman stain)

Question 50

Physical stains:

Answer 50

Stain dissolve in tissues without any chemical reaction | Eg: Sudan 3 for fatty acids

Question 51

Vital stain

Answer 51

Staining living tissue inside the body | Eg: trypan blue stain

Question 52

Supra-vital stain

Answer 52

Staining living tissues outside the body | Eg: brilliant cresyl blue

Question 53

Metachromatic stain

Answer 53

Staining tissues with a color different from the original color stain. Eg: toluidin blue staining for mast cells.

Question 54

Polychromatic stain

Answer 54

Staining the tissue with multiple colors despite using one stain. Eg: geimsa stain for blood.

Question 55

Orthochromatic stain:

Answer 55

Staining the tissue with the same color of the stain | Eg: H&E

Question 56

Histo-chemical stains

Answer 56

Histochemistry or cytochemistry | Eg: phosphates, dehydrogenase, peroxidase

Question 57

Histochemistry or cytochemistry

Answer 57

Method for localizing cellular structures using a specific enzymatic activity present in those structures

Question 58

Immuno-histo-chemical stain

Answer 58

Localization and staining specific proteins by the antigen antibody reaction.

Question 59

ISH

Answer 59

In situ hybridization | Nucleic acid sequences in solutions are applied directly to prepared cells.

Question 60

Hybridization

Answer 60

the binding between two single strands of nucleic acids if strands are complementary

Question 61

Hybridization allows

Answer 61

Specific identification of sequences in genes or RNA

Question 62

The greater the...... the more readily the complementary strands form hybrid

Answer 62

Similarities of the nucleotide.

Question 63

ISH is ideal for:

Answer 63

(1) determining if a cell has a specific sequence of DNA (such as a gene or part of a gene) (2) identifying the cells containing specific mRNAs. (3) determining the localization of a gene in a specific chromosome.