Intro: Antimicrobial Agents and Pathogens

Question 1

MOA

Answer 1

Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Inhibit protein synthesis
Inhibit nucleic acid synth.
Alter cell memb. function
Inhibit cell metabolism

Question 2

Inhibit Cell Wall

Answer 2

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenams, Aztreonam, Glycopeptides

Question 3

Inhibit Protein Synthesis

Answer 3

Macrolides, Clindamycin, Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Oxazolidinones

Question 4

Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synt.

Answer 4

Quinolones, Rifampin

Question 5

Alter Cell Membrane Function

Answer 5

Polymyxins, Imididazole/Triazole antifungals, Ampotericin

Question 6

Inhibit Cell Metabolism

Answer 6

Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Isoniazid, Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoin

Question 7

Normal Flora

Answer 7

Synthesize Vitamins, compete with pathogenic organisms

Question 8

Mouth Normal Flora

Answer 8

Anaerobes, Strep. Sp.

Question 9

Small Intestine Normal Flora

Answer 9

Gram (+), Enterobacteriaceae, Anaerobes

Question 10

Large Intestine Normal Flora

Answer 10

Gram (+), enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas sp. anaerobes, candida

Question 11

Upper Respiratory Tract Normal Flora

Answer 11

same as mouth, staph. neisseria, diphtheroids, haemophilus, pneumococci

Question 12

Gram (+)

Answer 12

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus

Question 13

Gram (-)

Answer 13

Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus
Moraxella

Question 14

Staph. epidermidis

Answer 14

on skin, Types of infections: catheters, prosthetics, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, UTI

Question 15

Staph. aureus

Answer 15

on skin, colonizes nares, types of infections: pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis, endo and osteomyelitis

Question 16

Strep. pneumoniae

Answer 16

Gram (+) cocci in pair and chains, encapsulated, cause inflammation, types of infections: URTI, pneumonia, bacteremia/sepsis, meningitis

Question 17

Beta-hemolytic Strep.

Answer 17

Colonize GI/GU/Mouth,

Group A: strep throat, skin/soft tissue infections (SSTI), treatment penicillin

Question 18

Beta hemolytic Strep. Group B

Answer 18

S. agalactiae, neonatal sepsis, normal in female GU, SSTI, osteo, bacteremia, PNA

Question 19

Beta hemolytic Strep. Group C/G

Answer 19

normal flora of skin, upper respiratory tract. URTI, SSTI, bacteremia

Question 20

Beta hemolytic Strep. Group D

Answer 20

S. bovis, S. equinus, normal flora of GI tract, bacteremia, endocarditis

Question 21

Enterococcus

Answer 21

Gram (+) cocci in singles, pair or short chains, normal in GI, E. faecalis, E. faecium Types of infections: UTI, Bacteremia, endo, intra-abdominal, SSTI, wound infections

Question 22

Enterobacteriaceae

Answer 22

Gram (-) bacilli in GI, community and hospital acquired, Include: E. coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Shigella, Salmonella

Question 23

Enterobacteriaceae

Answer 23

Types of infections: UTI, pneumonia, bacteremia, intra-abdominal, infectious diarrhea

Question 24

Pseudomonas Sp.

Answer 24

infection in immunocompromised hosts, types of infections: PNA, UTI, wound infections, bacteremia, cystic fibrosis

Question 25

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 25

Gram (-) coccobacilli, encapsulated, 30% produce beta-lactamase, type-b virulent, types of infections: otitis media, sinusitis, conjuntivitis, CA-PNA, meningitis

Question 26

Morazella catarrhalis

Answer 26

Gram (-) dipploccus, >75% produce beta-lactamase, types of infection: Otitis media (OM), Sinusitis, PNA

Question 27

Atypical Bacteria (difficult to stain or grow on culture)

Answer 27

Mycoplasma- No Cell wall
Legionella-intracellular
Chlamydia-intracellular

Question 28

Anaerobes

Answer 28

Bacteroides spp and Clostridium spp, Types of infections: abscesses, bacteremia, PNA, diabetic foot, bites, dental, female genital tract

Question 29

MOR (resistance)

Answer 29

alteration of PBP, strep. pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and other beta-lactams, 90% of Staph. aureus produce penicillinase, inactivating enzymes: cephalosporinases, Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL), cabapenemases

Question 30

More bacteria MOR (resistance)

Answer 30

efflux pumps, decreased permeability (gram (-) membranes have porins)