Intro Basic Concepts

Question 1

What are the forces that produce motion at a joint?

Answer 1

Gravity and muscle contraction

Question 2

What is a force that causes a desired motion?

Answer 2

Prime mover or agonist

Question 3

What is a force that causes a motion opposite the desired motion?

Answer 3

Antagonist

Question 4

What are the functions of synergistic muscles?

Answer 4

Stabilize joints and neutralize undesirable motions

Question 5

What is a basic functional unit of each muscle?

Answer 5

Motor unit

Question 6

What is a motor unit composed of?

Answer 6

Single motor neuron + muscle FIBER it supplies

Question 7

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 7

Shortening/concentric

Question 8

What is a static contraction?

Answer 8

Isometric

Question 9

What is a lengthening contraction?

Answer 9

Eccentric

Question 10

What are the two major parts of the CNS?

Answer 10

Brain + spinal cord

Question 11

What is a peripheral nerve?

Answer 11

Group of nerve fibers (axons + supporting cells) located outside CNS

Question 12

What is a cranial nerve?

Answer 12

Peripheral nerve arising from brain

Question 13

What is a spinal nerve?

Answer 13

Peripheral nerve from spinal cord

Question 14

How is a gross spinal nerve formed?

Answer 14

Dorsal + ventral roots from segment of spinal cord combine to form spinal nerve

Question 15

How long is a typical spinal nerve and how does it terminate?

Answer 15

1 cm long, dorsal and ventral ramus

Question 16

What are the two kinds of terminal branches of peripheral nerves from rami?

Answer 16

Muscular branches + cutaneous branches

Question 17

What is efferent?

Answer 17

Motor (Away from CNS)

Question 18

What is afferent?

Answer 18

Sensory (Towards CNS)

Question 19

What nerve fiber in dorsal root?

Answer 19

Sensory

SAME DAVE

Question 20

What nerve fiber in ventral root?

Answer 20

Meotor

Question 21

What nerve fiber in spinal nerves?

Answer 21

Sensory and motor

Question 22

What nerve fiber in dorsal rami?

Answer 22

Sensory and motor

Question 23

What nerve fiber in ventral rami?

Answer 23

sensory and motor

Question 24

Where are cell bodies for afferent fibers?

Answer 24

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 25

Where are the cell bodie for efferent fibers?

Answer 25

spinal cord gray mater

Question 26

What is somatic?

Answer 26

Body wall + extremities

Question 27

What is visceral?

Answer 27

Internal organs + glands, vessels

Question 28

What is a dermatome?

Answer 28

The area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve

Question 29

What is a dermatome supplied by?

Answer 29

Both dorsal + ventral ramus of spinal nerve

Question 30

How are Xray films viewed?

Answer 30

Always as if you are facing the patient Right Left

Question 31

What is radiolucent?

Answer 31

Dark, thin areas

Question 32

What is radio dense?

Answer 32

White, light areas of Xray, dense

Question 33

What are five major categories of radio dense materials on X-ray?

Answer 33

``` Air/gas Fat Soft tissue Bone Metal ```

Question 34

How are follow structures visualized?

Answer 34

Radiopaque or radiolucent contrast materials

Question 35

What is an advantage of CT vs conventional radiograpghy?

Answer 35

Enhanced discrimination of tissues w/ only small differences in radiodensity Sectional images overcome superimposition