intro/brain Flashcards
(24 cards)
3 levels of neural control
- Cortex
- Subcortical structures ( brainstem, cerebellum)
- Neuromuscular system/ sensory system
3 phases of tissue healing
- Inflammatory phase (2-4 days)- swelling, edema, redness, pain
- Proliferation/fibroblastic repair (4-6w)- damaged tissue is replaced w new scar collagen tissue
- Maturation phase- reestablishing tensile strength of scar tissue + collegen refining
5 factors that effect healing/ performance
- physical- serverity, poor blood supply, infection, age
- autonomic influence- sympathetic drive may result in referal pain to other regions
- Emotional/psychosocial influence- increase stress/ anxiety/depression
- Preexisting conditions- orthopedic, neurological +/or sensorimotor conditions may prolong recovery
- Motivation/adherence- requires the motivation to adhere to a rehab program
How can HCP improve rehab outcomes
- holistic view
- provide positive reinforcment
- active listening/support
- patient/athlete advocacy
how many hemishepes in each lobe
5
%s of brain regions
cerebral cortex- 82%
cerebrellum- 10%
basal ganglia- 8%
Frontal lobe seperated by which sulcus
seperated from temportal lobe by lateral sulcus
two functions/ areas of frontal lobe
- prefrontal cortex- cognition ( executive function, judgement, memory)
- Motor areas (broadmanns area 4 + 6)
function of brodmann area 4, what does it contain and where does it project to
- mediates voluntary movement of limbs in trunk
- contains bertz cells- projects to corticospinal tract
Structures of brodmann area 6, projects to, function
- premotor cortex- integrates sensory info for movement planing
- supplementary motor area- part of motor loop w basal ganglia
projects to M1, brainstem, spinal cord
-planning, prep for movmt
cingulate motor area
lmbic system connections (motivation, internal state of indv.)
3 areas of parietal lobe
- somatosensory area- proprioception, touch, sensory localization
- superior somatosensory cortex
- Posterior perietal cortex- attn, planning movement, integration of visual info
2 areas of visual system
Primary visual cortex (V1)
Visual association cortex (V2-6)
2 streams of visual system
Dorsal (magnocellular)- motion, depth, temporal resolution
Ventral (parvocellular) - V3-6 - fine details, colour, spacial resolution
where does the optic nerve decussates
@ the optic chiasm
where does the optic nerve project to
to lateral geniculate nucleus in the brainstem to v1-6 –> dorsal + ventral streams of perception
What is located in the temporal lobe?
- Primary auditory cortex superior
- Wernicke’s area (comprehension of language)
- inferior surface- associated w high order visual processing
What are the structures in the limbic lobe and what is the function
- cingulate + parahippocampal gyri
- cingulate gyrus immediately superior to corpus callosum
-emotions, driven behaviours, memory
Dienchephalon 4 divisions
- thalmus
- hypothalmus
- epithalmus
- subthalmus
Thalmus location
protrues over the superior portion of the brainstem, borders the 3rd ventricle
two motor loops of thamus
motor cortex cerebellum
motor cortex basal ganglia
Hypothamus function
- controls ans
- maintains homeostasis, regulates body temp, visceral responses, some limbic function
Conduit (relay nuclei)- functions and tracts
ascending- cerebelum, thalmus- crude touch and pressure, light touch and proprioception
decending-> spinal cord, trunk and limbs
Cranial nerves: motor and sensory functin
sensory- olfaction, vision, hearing, taste
motor- facial ex, tounge movement, swallowing
