Intro / Cells & Tissues of the Immune Response

Question 1

Helper T cells have _____ CD proteins.

Answer 1

CD4+

Question 2

Which cytokines do plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce?

Answer 2

interferon-alpha (IFNa)

Interferon-beta (IFNb)

Question 2

Which portion of the thymis is densely packed with immature T cells?

Answer 2

The cortex

Question 3

Where can mast cells be found?

Answer 3

Rarely identified in peripheral blood

Present within dermal and mucosal tissues

Question 3

This CD protein is common to all T lymphocytes.

Answer 3

CD3

Question 4

What do conventional dendritic cells do?

Answer 4

They play critical roles in activating naive T lymphocytes

Question 5

The second most abundant circulating leukocyte.

Answer 5

Monocytes

Question 6

What are dendritic cells?

Answer 6

Matured monocyte. Antigen Presenting Cell (APC). Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system.

Question 7

Which type of T cells are largely absent from the circulation and localized preferentially in mucosal surfaces?

Answer 7

γδ T cells

Question 8

About how long do neutrophils circulate?

Answer 8

6 hours

Question 8

In a parasitic infection, you would have high levels of what?

Answer 8

Eosinophils

Question 8

Which cytokines, produced in response to parasite infections, are responsible for the differentiation of myeloid precursor cells into eosinophils?

Answer 8

GM-CSF

IL3

IL5

Question 8

What do plasmacytoid dendritic cells do?

Answer 8

They play important roles in anti-biral immune responses

Question 8

What are the lingual tonsils?

Answer 8

behind the terminal tongue underlie a non-keratinized squamous epithelium and possess characterist long branched and unbranched crypts

Question 10

Spherical cells betweens 12-15 µm in diamter with numerous membrane extensions

Answer 10

Neutrophil

Question 11

Which cells are a rich source of histamine and heparin?

Answer 11

Mast cells

Question 12

Why don’t neutrophils stain very robustly with hematoxylin or eosin?

Answer 12

Their proteins are not particularly acidic or basic

Question 14

This cell has a lobate nucleus, with 3-5 lobes

Answer 14

Neutrophil

Question 15

What are thymocytes?

Answer 15

Immature T cells

Question 16

Fraction in peripheral blood?

PMNs (neutrophils)

Answer 16

34-71%

Question 17

Why are the grandule components in mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils readily identifiable through diagnostic dyes and stains?

Answer 17

The granule components are highly charged.

Question 18

The predominant cell type in later phases of the inflammation.

Answer 18

Macrophages

Question 19

Within which part of the thymus do thymocytes mature to become immunocompetent T cells?

Answer 19

Medulla

Question 21

Neutrophils arise from a hematopoietic precursor cell stimulated with the cytokine ________.

Answer 21

G-CSF

Question 21

What is clonal expansion?

Answer 21

The proliferation of specific lymphocytes that recognize a single antigenic epitope

Question 22

Fraction in peripheral blood? Monocytes

Answer 22

5-12%

Question 23

What are adenoids?

Answer 23

pharyngeal tonsils

Question 24

What are palatine tonsils?

Answer 24

Between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches of the oropharynx

Question 25

What is central tolerance?

Answer 25

Positive and negative selection of T cells in the thymus

Question 26

Waldeyer's tonsillar ring

Answer 26

oral-nasopharyngeal tonsils, first line of defense against ingested or inhaeld antigens and pathogens rich follicles with germinal centers tubal, adenoids, palatine, lingual tonsils

Question 28

Fraction in peripheral blood? Eosinophils

Answer 28

0-7%

Question 29

Fraction in peripheral blood? Leukocytes

Answer 29

100%

Question 31

Which cells survive longer: macrophages or neutrophils?

Answer 31

Macrophages

Question 31

Cytolytic T cells have ______ proteins.

Answer 31

CD8

Question 32

What are tubal tonsils?

Answer 32

located on the roof of the pharynx and are comprised of a partially capsulated lymphoid aggregates subjacent to a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 34

The majority of T cells express which type of T cell receptor?

Answer 34

αβ TCR

Question 35

The most abundant circulating leukocyte

Answer 35

Neutrophils

Question 36

List the granulocytes.

Answer 36

MBEN (mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils)

Question 37

Defects in central tolerance lead to immune responses against self-tissue...a process known as

Answer 37

Autoimmunity

Question 39

Sequential series of steps that phagocytes go through to remove invading micro-organisms

Answer 39

Recruitment Recognition-Activation Phagocytosis Regulation

Question 40

These cells mediate the earliest, most immediate phases of innate immunity.

Answer 40

Neutrophils

Question 41

What are the only cells in the body that express clonally distributed antigen receptors?

Answer 41

Lymphocytes

Question 42

These CD proteins are typical of almost all B cells.

Answer 42

CD19 and CD20

Question 44

List the agranulocytes.

Answer 44

Monocytes Lymphocytes

Question 45

What are the lymphocyte subsets?

Answer 45

T cells B cells Natural killer cells (NK) NK-T cells (rare and little understood)

Question 46

Fraction in peripheral blood? Basophils

Answer 46

0-1%

Question 47

Which cytokine is responsible for the maturation of dendritic cells?

Answer 47

Flt3-ligand

Question 48

The 2 types of phagocytic immune cells are:

Answer 48

Neutrophils (PMNs) Monocytes/macrophages

Question 49

Fraction in peripheral blood? Lymphocytes

Answer 49

19-53%

Question 50

What do plasma cells in the gut produce?

Answer 50

IgA

Question 51

Which antibodies are abundant in the external skin environment?

Answer 51

IgA and IgG

Question 52

intraepidermal lymphocytes (IELs)

Answer 52

immune sentinels within the epidermal surface