INTRO: History of the Relationship of Science, Technology, Society

Question 1

Advances in technology are the driver of change in social values and norms in society.

Answer 1

Technological Determinism

Question 2

Technological determinism is associated with the ideas of?

Answer 2

Thomas Veiblen and Karl Marx

Question 3

Which example of technological determinism:

Invented to revolutionize human mobility, allowing us to travel great distances while carrying many items at the same time. This paved the way for global travel and commerce, determining the very way our history unfolded.

Answer 3

Wheels

Question 4

Which example of technological determinism:

One life-sized example of technological determinism as it led to the creation of roads and the structural paving of the world.

Answer 4

Cars

Question 5

Which example of technological determinism:

The 19th-century innovation that fundamentally changed humanity around the globe. This became a crucial part of wartime planning as well as a significant symbol in politics and society to this day.

Answer 5

Guns

Question 6

Which example of technological determinism:

From infinite video content streaming across countless digital platforms to the ability to simply capture life as it passes by, this play a pivotal role in our present day-to-day.

Answer 6

Cameras

Question 7

The role of an individual to their society is related to their ________ and ________ with respect to their societies.

Answer 7

standing ; class

Question 8

Creation of new ________/________ have impacted the early social groups of our ancestors.

Answer 8

tools ; technology

Question 9

Man’s earliest conquest involved _____.

Answer 9

Fire

Question 10

Why is fire important?

Answer 10

Warmth
Cooking
Food preservation
Illumination

Question 11

Two methods of creating fire

Answer 11

Percussion Method
Friction Method

Question 12

First mineral that was mined which was ideal for tools and weapons

Answer 12

Flint

Question 13

Timeline of Flint

Answer 13

Neolithic Period/New Stone Age: 8000-2000 BCE

Question 14

Also mined during prehistoric times

Answer 14

Gold and Copper

Question 15

8000 B.C. - The Fertile Crescent

Answer 15

Center of Agriculture

Question 16

Knowledge of growing food spread to the Mediterranean region and Western Europe. What are these food?

Answer 16

Oats
Rye
Rice

Question 17

Agriculture-stimulated technology

Answer 17

Hoe
Plow
Harrow

Question 18

Central to the creation of new social structure.

Answer 18

Food Distribution

Question 19

Assigned to the distribution of food in the early social groups; making them take on leadership roles in the early society.

Answer 19

Skilled Hunters

Question 20

Further reinforced the idea of ownership of food and the ability of controlling its distribution.

Answer 20

New food preservation techniques

Question 21

Gave rise to early city-states and larger empire; creation of new roles and creation of newer social structures to regulate the increasing population.

Answer 21

Success of Agriculture

Question 22

Advances in agriculture led to ________ _________ and the emergence of classes whose main task is in the administration of people.

Answer 22

social stratification

Question 23

The _______ _______ seen in large Iron Age empires (e.g., Rome) may have been a means to maintain control of food production and building creation.

Answer 23

slavery system

Question 24

The creation of laws resulting in the creation of soldiers, warriors, administrators, scribes, and politicians can also be ways of maintaining means of production that are seen to stabilize existing ______ ______.

Answer 24

social order

Question 25

[Urban Centers] Temple economy/Kingdoms

Answer 25

Priests Scholars Monarchs

Question 26

[Urban Centers] Early Engineers

Answer 26

Artisans & Craftsmen

Question 27

[Urban Centers] Surplus of ______ is concentrated around the city

Answer 27

goods

Question 28

[Urban Centers] More on the organization (slave labor) than on machines

Answer 28

Megastructures

Question 29

[Urban Centers] Laws

Answer 29

Code of Hammurabi Greek Senate Roman Laws Bible

Question 30

[Urban Centers] Arts are in?

Answer 30

City centers & Palaces

Question 31

Grouping with respect to occupation

Answer 31

Occupational Stratification

Question 32

Role of Elites and Wealthy Class

Answer 32

Philosophers

Question 33

The emergence of an elite class in our early societies can also be linked to the establishment of some social order to maintain existing modes of __________.

Answer 33

production

Question 34

They led to the development of formalized way thinking and doing science, thereby significantly shaping our current science and technology.

Answer 34

Greek and Roman Philosophers (Abstraction of Thought)

Question 35

[Abstraction of Thought] Early Mathematics, early philosophy.

Answer 35

Proving theorems

Question 36

[Abstraction of Thought] A precursor to the scientific method

Answer 36

A priori and posterior thinking

Question 37

Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Heraclitus, etc.

Answer 37

Greek Philosophers

Question 38

Marcus Aurelius, Cicero, Seneca, etc.

Answer 38

Roman Philosopher

Question 39

One of the largest and most powerful political, military and cultural powers in history; founded in ancient Italy (Etruria and Latium).

Answer 39

Roman empire (753 BC - AD 476)

Question 40

3 Periods of Roman Empire

Answer 40

Regal Republican Imperial

Question 41

One of ancient Rome’s most successful leaders; first emperor of Rome.

Answer 41

Caesar Augustus

Question 42

The era in the “middle” of the fall of Rome and the rise of the ___________.

Answer 42

Renaissance

Question 43

No single state or government united the people in the European continent, instead the ________ ________ became the most powerful institution of the medieval period.

Answer 43

Catholic Church

Question 44

Technological development for practical purposes (e.g., better windmills, watermills vs. advances in mathematics, chemistry, and physics; sciences did not develop as much.

Answer 44

Medieval Period

Question 45

Developments in abstract thought and sciences were seen more in the Islamic and Chinese empires in this period.

Answer 45

Medieval Period

Question 46

Technological and scientific advances are more or less spearheaded through the Catholic church by the clergy in the monasteries.

Answer 46

Medieval Period

Question 47

Who made the process of making gunpowder, proposed flying machines, motorized ships and carriages, invented magnifying glass?

Answer 47

Roger Bacon (Franciscan Friar)

Question 48

[Religion in the Middle Ages] Intellectual and administrative expression

Answer 48

The Catholic Church

Question 49

[Religion in the Middle Ages] Training of clergy

Answer 49

Cathedral schools and universities

Question 50

[Religion in the Middle Ages] Center of culture

Answer 50

Monastery

Question 51

[Religion in the Middle Ages] Islam flourished where?

Answer 51

Middle East

Question 52

Period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages; promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art.

Answer 52

Renaissance

Question 53

Sea navigation flourished; voyagers launched expeditions to travel the entire globe; discovered new shipping routes to the Americas, India and the Far East and explorers trekked across areas that weren’t fully mapped.

Answer 53

Renaissance

Question 54

Renaissance started where?

Answer 54

Started in Florence, Italy

Question 55

[Renaissance] Incorporated scientific principles, such as anatomy; recreate the human body with extraordinary precision.

Answer 55

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 56

[Renaissance] Studied mathematics to accurately engineer and design immense buildings with expansive domes.

Answer 56

Filippo Brunelleschi

Question 57

[Renaissance] Presented a new view of astronomy and mathematics

Answer 57

Galileo Galilei

Question 58

[Renaissance] Proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system (heliocentric theory)

Answer 58

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 59

[Institutionalization of science] Deductive reasoning though his works on “Discourse on Methods”.

Answer 59

Rene Descartes

Question 60

[Institutionalization of science] Need of rigorous data collection to prove or disprove a proposition.

Answer 60

Francis Bacon

Question 61

The Royal Academy of London and French Royal Academy of Sciences were both established when?

Answer 61

1660s

Question 62

Formalizing a group and instituting an organization consolidates certain common goals and vision among its members resulting to ________ of ideas/concepts.

Answer 62

standardization

Question 63

The group maybe ________ to outsiders yet at the same time promote ________ and eventually gain authority over their fields of pursuit.

Answer 63

exclusive ; prestige

Question 64

A period of rapid production of goods largely driven by advances in science and technology, finance, and politics; transition from creating goods by hand to using machines.

Answer 64

Industrial Revolution

Question 65

It has brought rapid social change that made lives of people a little more complex.

Answer 65

Industrial Revolution

Question 66

True or False: Labor related issues emerged resulting in the need to address worker rights.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

True or False: Need for formalized education to thrive in world that becomes more and more industry based.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

To have innovation and create new things, old structures are needed to be destroyed.

Answer 68

Creative Destruction

Question 69

Austrian economist - First manifested in the case of the Luddites and was recently observed in the case of Blockbuster, CDs to USB to Cloud Storage, etc.

Answer 69

Joseph Schumpeter

Question 70

Textile workers who began burning textile factories.

Answer 70

Luddites

Question 71

Which example of Creative Destruction: More efficient transport than horses; impact on the work of coachmen, stable persons, and horse manure street cleaners.

Answer 71

Cars

Question 72

Which example of Creative Destruction: More efficient gas for lighting; less work for whalers that hunt whales for their oil.

Answer 72

Kerosene

Question 73

Which example of Creative Destruction: A better and faster way to communicate readable material to other people; eventual destruction of the postal system.

Answer 73

Email

Question 74

Which example of Creative Destruction: More efficient and free way to disseminate knowledge; possible destruction of the current educational system.

Answer 74

Internet and Online Learning