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Procedures 3 - Test 1 > Intro, IFC, Premod, TENS > Flashcards

Intro, IFC, Premod, TENS Flashcards

1
Q

Electrotherapy indications

A 
pain management
improve range of motion
muscle contraction
relaxation of muscle spasms
medication delivery
wound healing
edema reduction
increase circulation
neuromuscular re-education
fracture healing
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2
Q

Ohm’s Law formula

A

I=V/R
I=intensity
V=volts
R=resistance

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3
Q

Types of tissues that are resistors or conductors

A

Resistors=skin, fat, bone, tendons, and fascia

Conductors=nerves, blood, and muscle

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4
Q

ways to improve conductivity

A

cleaning treatment area, shaving, hot pack

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5
Q

proton

A

positively charged particles

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6
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged particle

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7
Q

neutrons

A

neutral particles

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8
Q

molecules

A

2 or more atoms that combined

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9
Q

atom

A

smallest part of an element

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10
Q

charged atoms or molecules are called…

A

ions

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11
Q

positively charged ions…

A

cations

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12
Q

negatively charged ions…

A

anions

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13
Q

Current is the rate of flow of charged particles - ions and measured in …

A

amps

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14
Q

many modalities use very low amps called…

A

milliamps

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15
Q

An area of intense charge ….

A

pole

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16
Q

a negatively charge pole is called…

A

cathode

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17
Q

a positively charged pole is called…

A

anode

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18
Q

DC…

A

Direct current (DC) is defined as the continuous unidirectional flow of charged particles for at least 1 second. DC is also referred to as Galvanic current.

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19
Q

What modality uses DC?

A

Isontopheresis

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20
Q

AC…

A

Alternating current (AC) is defined as the continuous or uninterrupted bidirectional flow of charged particles for at least 1 second. In other words, AC requires the current to alternate between a positive and negative polarity without interruption for at least 1 second.

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21
Q

PC…

A

Pulsed Current (PC) is defined as the unidirectional or bidirectional flow of charged particles for less than 1 second before being interrupted by a brief period of no flow. Unidirectional PC is often confused with DC. Bidirectional PC is often confused with AC. However, PC is distinctly different than DC or AC because the waveform lasts less than 1 second before a period of no flow. most common current used example is TENS.

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22
Q

Mono-phasic

A

Monophasic Waveforms are unidirectional with one phase – either positive or negative.

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23
Q

biphasic

A

Biphasic Waveforms are bidirectional with two phases – one positive and the other negative.

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24
Q

polyphasic

A

Polyphasic Waveforms are composed of three or more phases.

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25
Q

Neuron is….

A

one cell in a chain that makes up a nerve

26
Q

the Cell body

A

contains the nucleus which holds the genetic DNA material.

27
Q

dendrites…

A

are branches which function as the antennae of the neuron receiving information from other neurons. “Dendrite” is derived from the Greek word for “tree.”

28
Q

The axon is….

A

a long, slender nerve fiber which transmits electrical impulses called action potentials to distant sites in the nervous system.

29
Q

Axons form…

A

connections called synapses with dentrites of other neurons. There is a gap at each synapse between the axon and dendrite called a synaptic cleft

30
Q

Sensory nerves

A

enter the spinal cord on the posterior or dorsal side of the spinal cord.

31
Q

Motor nerves

A

enter the spinal cord on the anterior or ventral side of the spinal cord.

32
Q

afferent nerves

A

Sensory nerves are called afferent nerves since the nerve fibers are ascending from the periphery to the central nervous system

33
Q

efferent nerves

A

Motor nerves are called since the nerve fibers exit the central nervous system to the periphery. Think of the letter “A” for afferent and ascend (to the brain). Think of the letter “E” for efferent and exit (from the brain).

34
Q

types of nerve fiber

A

Sensory fibers are afferent fibers that transmit action potentials from the periphery to the central nervous system (Figure 3-5). Sensory nerves are transmitted by Aβ fibers and produce a sensation frequently described as tingling. Motor fibers are efferent fibers which transmit action potentials from the central nervous system to periphery. Motor nerves produce muscle contractions.

35
Q

Pain fibers

A

are stimulated by pain receptors called nociceptors. Pain fibers are afferent fibers that transmit action potentials from the periphery to the central nervous system to produce a sensation of pain (Figure 3-6). Sharp pain is transmitted by Aδ fibers. δ is the Greek symbol Delta. Dull pain is transmitted by C fibers.

36
Q

amplitude

A

is the intensity of the current.

37
Q

Amplitude Duration Curve

A

the patient will experience sensory, motor, and pain in this order as the intensity of the current is increased.

38
Q

The Gate Control Theory was developed by

A

Melzack and Wall in 1965

39
Q

The Gate Control Theory

A

The theory is that action potentials from the Aδ & C fibers (pain) and Aβ fibers (touch) both synapse onto neurons called T cells. T cells are located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Figure 3-8). T cells sum all of the inputs from their dendrites – both inputs about pain and inputs about touch. The T cells then determine which of these inputs should be forwarded to the thalamus in the brain. The thalamus is the sensory relay station of the brain; the thalamus distributes sensory signals to different areas of the brain, which then interpret the sensory signals. This interpretation is affected by psychological factors such as past experiences, emotion, and attention.

40
Q

Endogenous opiates

A

are types of neurotransmitters that inhibit the perception of pain.

41
Q

carrier frequency

A

The frequencies on Channel 1 and Channel 2 are called the carrier frequencies.

42
Q

Beat frequency

A

The difference between these two carrier frequencies is called the beat frequency.

43
Q

IFC

A

Interferential current

44
Q

premod

A

premodulation

45
Q

default high frequency (IFC)

A

the default high frequency is between 80 and 150 Hz. In other words, the frequency for Channel 2 cycles between 4080 and 4150 Hz.

46
Q

defaulty low frequency

A

default low frequency is between 0 and 10 Hz. In other words, the frequency for Channel 2 cycles between 4000 and 4010 Hz. The machine modulates the beat frequency through a given range to prevent the body from accommodating to a single beat frequency.

47
Q

IFC target

A

focus on smaller intence area

48
Q

IFC sweep

A

broader area of treatment

49
Q

TENS

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

50
Q

TENS treatment time

A

30 mins - 24 hrs

51
Q

pulse width aka

A

pulse duration

52
Q

pulse width/pulse duration measured in…

A

microseconds

53
Q

Frequency, also known as rate, is measured in …

A

Hz (cycles persecond)

54
Q

For a pulsed current, these cycles are interrupted so the frequency may be referred to as Hz or pulses per second (pps).

A

FYI

55
Q

Modulation is recommended for patients who…

A

have developed a tolerance to the signal.

56
Q

Intensity, also known as

A

amplitude

57
Q

amplitude is measured in …

A

milliamps (mA). The intensity is increased to the highest comfortable level. For many TENS units, the intensity is adjustable from 0 mA to 80 mA. 80mA corresponds to the number 8 on the intensity dial.

58
Q

Conventional Mode

A

(High Frequency TENS)

59
Q

Acupuncture Mode

A

(Low Frequency TENS)

60
Q

Burst Mode

A

Burst Mode may be selected based on patient comfort

Procedures 3 - Test 1 (2 decks)

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