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Intro Neurological Comm Disorders SLPA 4721 Mathews UWG > Intro Neurological Comm disorder study guide > Flashcards

Intro Neurological Comm disorder study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of Neurogenic Disorders

A
  • The Aphasia
    - The Dysarthria
    - Apraxia of speech
    - Right Hemisphere Disorders
    - Dementia
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2
Q

Types of treatment settings

A
  • Rehab (Acute care)
  • Home Health
  • private Practice
  • Assistant living (skilled nursing)
  • School
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3
Q

Differentiation between speech, language, and cognition

A 
Cognition
-Ability to process thought 
Speech
-Sounds the mouth makes to produce words
Language
-Symbol set used to communicate meaning
-usually verbal, written, or sign
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4
Q

Types of cognitive skill

A

Attention, Cognition, Memory
Cognition
Arousal
Orientation (Why who where)
Problem Solving (what the problem is and how to solve it)
Interference ( interfere)
Executive Functioning (Plan and initiate)

Attention
-vigilance (focused attention)
Sustained attention
-Selective attention
-Alternating attention
-Divided attention

Memory
Working Memory
Short-term Memory
Long-Term Memory
Procedural Memory (remembering steps) sequence actions to accomplish a task
Declarative Memory (recalling facts)
Episodic Memory (Memory episodes that recur in the past)

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5
Q

Changes in speech, language, and cognition in health aging versus with a neurogenic disorder

A 
Healthy Aging: Changes in Cognition 
Remains intact
-Orientation
-Sustained attention
- Divided attention for basic tasks
-Long term memory
-Procedural Memory
-Executive functions for ADLs
Shows slight non pathological decline
-Selective attention
-Divided attention for complex tasks
-Short-term memory
-Episodic memory
-Declarative memory
-Working memory

Healthy Aging : Changes in Language
Remains intact
-Processing of functional verbal language
-Overall Comprehension
Shows slight non pathological decline
-Processing of verbal language slows through remains entirely functional
-Reading slows through remains entirely functional
-Word finding of proper names and confrontational naming

Healthy Aging: Changes in Speech
Speech remains typical and voice characteristics change
-voice gets deeper during aging

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6
Q

what is White matter

A
  • Axons of neurons covered in a white sheath of a protein and fatty substance called myelin
  • Myelin insulates the axons of neurons to allow electrical impulses to be conducted(~100 meters/second)
  • Connects different areas/structures of the nervous system to one another and allows them to communication
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7
Q

Types of fiber tract

A

Association Fibers- Connects different structures/areas within a single cerebral hemisphere

Commissural fibers- Connects analogous areas between two cerebral hemisphere

Projection fibers-Project from the brain to the spinal cord Transmit motor movements from CNS to PNS
Transmit sensory signals from PNS to C

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8
Q

What is grey matter

A

Unmyelinated neurons
Processes and regulates information in the CNS
Found in the cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, and spinal cord

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9
Q

What are Cerebral meninges

A

Meningeal linings of cerebrum

Dura, pia, and arachnoid mater

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10
Q

What are the functions of Cerebral meninges

A

Support neural and vascular tissue
Protect and nurture CNS structure
Support the brain

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11
Q

Left hemisphere function

A

Left Braid function logic, math/ science/ language, reading. writing

  • Uses logic
  • “Detail” oriented
  • Facts rule
  • Word and Language
  • Math and Science
  • Can comprehend
  • Acknowledges
  • Order/Pattern perception
  • Knows object name
  • Reality based; practical
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12
Q

Primary cortices location

A

Frontal lobe

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13
Q

What is primary auditory cortex

A

process auditory information

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14
Q

Primary auditory cortex location

A

temporal lobe

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15
Q

Between the brain and the skull are three layers known as

A

-Meninges

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16
Q

The cerebellum operates to

A
  • Monitor body movements for errors and integrate movements into one another
  • problems with gate and speech ATAXIA
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17
Q

White matter fiber tracts

A

Projection fibers -brain to spinal cord
Commissural fibers- connects areas between the two hemispheres
Association fibers- connects structures within the same hemisphere

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18
Q

Upper motor neurons can be located in the cortex

true of false

A

true

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19
Q

The ____ cortex is involved in the planning, control, an execution of voluntary movements

A
  • Motor
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20
Q

Key to the comprehension of written and spoken language is ____ area

A

-Wernickes

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21
Q

The spinal cord is continuous with the

A

medulla

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22
Q

There are 31 single spinal nerves

True or False

A

False

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23
Q

The spinal cord is the communication highway between the brain and the body and it is also involved in reflexes
True or False

24
Q

-ventral roots carries ____ motor information

25
-Dorsal door carries ____ sensory information
Afferent
26
Right hemisphere Function
Personality, creativity, intuition, music, art - Uses feelings - Big Picture oriented - Imagination rules - Symbols and images - Philosophy and religion - Can "get it" - Appreciates - Spatial perception - Knows object functions - Fantasy based impetuous
27
Difference between CNS and PNS
Central nervous system contains the brain and the spinal cord Everything else but the CNS is called the peripheral Nervous system PNS contains the nerves which leaves the brain and the spinal cords and travel to certain areas of the body
28
Functions of the Brain Stem
Connects the spinal cord to the brain
29
Functions of the Cerebellum
Works as an error control device to detect and correct errors in motor plans Makes sure body movements are coordinated and free of errors Monitors the intent of motor plans and compares them to what the body is actually doing–If there is an error, cerebellum alters the force, timing, and sequencing of muscle contractions
30
Functions of the Thalamus
Functions, in part, as a sensory relay station Receives afferent sensory information being transmitted from body (except olfaction) and directs it to the appropriate part of the brain for processing Receives the motor plans the cerebellum has checked for errors and sends the refined plans for motor execution
31
Function of the basal ganglia
Plays a role in initiation of movement, muscle tone maintenance, and inhibition of extraneous movement
32
Function of spinal cord
Transmits sensory (afferent) information from the body to the brain and motor (efferent) information from the brain to the body
33
Cranial nerves involved with communication
Trigeminal V - Innervates muscles of mastication•Innervates tensor veli palatini - Communicates sensation from face, teeth, mucosal lining, and tongue - Associated Disorders•Facial numbness and weakness
34
Major blood supply to the brain involve with communication
``` Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) -Largest of the cortical arteries -Supply blood to the entire lateral surface of the cerebrum Distribution includes -Frontal lobe Parietal lobe -Temporal lobe ``` -Blood supply mostly related to speech, language, and sensorimotor functions
35
What is a CVA and types
Cerebrovascular accident
36
What is a Malignant brain Tumor
These brain tumors are brain cancer Can grow and spread quickly to other body parts Treated with surgical removal and radiation
37
What is Benign brain tumors
Cannot spread to other parts of the body•Mass effect may occur
38
What is a Tumor Deficit
``` Similar to stroke Differ based on location of the tumor and degree of infiltration Can cause impaired -Language -Cognition -Speech -Swallowing -Vision -Hearing ```
39
What is surgical Trauma
- Damage to brain tissue that may occur during surgery to the brain. - May result in acquired speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing deficits - May also cause secondary seizures, additional CVAs, infections, and increased intracranial pressure
40
What are the causes of Surgical Trauma
can cause impaired - language - Cognition - Speech - Swallowing - Vision - Hearing
41
What is an infection
Dependent on the type and severity | Also side effects of treatment
42
Causes of infection
``` Can cause impaired Language Cognition Speech Swallowing Vision Hearing ``` Vast quantity can affect CNS and/or PNS - Bacterial - Viral - Fungal
43
Some infections that affect the nervous system
Encephalitis HIV/AIDS Syphilis Poliomyelitis
44
Types of Infections
Encephalitis- Infection/inflammation in the brain or spinal cord - Symptoms can include headache, fever, confusion, seizures - May point to location of infection or be referred - Extreme Parkinsonism HIV/AID-Immunodeficient disease Neurologic deficits may occur before individual aware of diagnosis Neurological symptoms:• Inability to learn new information, slowed processing, disfluent speech, impaired recall, reduced attention
45
What is Benign brain tumors
Cannot spread to other parts of the body | Mass effect may occur
46
What are Types of seizures
Mild-moderate seizures can produce a slowly accumulating level of brain damage to the affected areas over time. Severe seizure is capable of creating immediate brain damage or and even death.
47
Seizure stages
Aura Period immediately before the seizure Warning signs a seizure may occur Headache, déjà vu, panic, nausea, radical mood changes, tingling in limbs, visual abnormalities Ictus Main stage of the seizure Convulsions and loss of consciousness Post-ictus Period after the seizure Post-ictal confusion Short term cognitive deficits Interictal period Time between seizures tatus epilepticus Seizures one after the other without an interictal period
48
Partial Seizures
Pathological electrical overstimulation confined to a limited region of the brain - Can create any motor, sensory, or emotional symptom - Simple partial seizure•Consciousness maintained during seizure•Complex partial seizure•Causes an altered state of consciousness
49
Partial Seizures
- Pathological electrical overstimulation confined to a limited region of the brain - Can create any motor, sensory, or emotional symptom - Simple partial seizure•Consciousness maintained during seizure - Complex partial seizure - Causes an altered state of consciousness
50
What is a Generalized Seizure
Affects the entire brain and are associated with total loss of consciousness
51
What to do if someone is having a seizure
- Put nothing in their mouth - Clear away sharp or dangerous objects - Turn them on their side - Put a pillow or something soft under their head - Stay with the person until the seizure ends or, if in a hospital, the appropriate medical personnel arrive.
52
Partial Seizures
- Pathological electrical overstimulation confined to a limited region of the brain - Can create any motor, sensory, or emotional symptom - Simple partial seizure•Consciousness maintained during seizure - Complex partial seizure - Causes an altered state of consciousness
53
Signs and symptoms of aphasia
Difficulty speaking or jumbled speech difficulty building and drawing things or loss ability to write social isolation persistent repetition of words or action causes - Stroke. Ischemic—caused by a blockage that disrupts blood flow to a region of the brain. ... - Traumatic brain injury. - Brain tumors. - Brain surgery. - Brain infections. - Progressive neurological diseases
54
Classifications of aphasia type
-non fluent-Global- severe expressive and receptive language impairment; may be able to communicate using facial expression, intonation, and gestures -Non Fluent Broca's- repetition of words/phrases poor Transcortical Motor Aphasia: strong repetition skills; may have difficulty spontaneously answering questions -Fluent Wernicke's-repetition of words/phrases poor Transcortical Sensory Aphasia: repetition of words/phrases good; may repeat questions rather than answering them (“echolalia”) - fLUENT-Primary Progressive, Anomic,-repetition of words/phrases good; word finding difficulties; uses generic fillers (e.g., “thing”) or circumlocution - Mixed Non-fluent aphasia-Speech production is halting and effortful. Grammar is impaired; content words may be preserved.
55
How is ischemic stroke similar to a heart attack
They both occur when blood is blocked from flowing into an area
56
What is a hemorrhagic stroke
One where the blood vessels break
57
TPA was a new drug developed that was able to be given through an IV, and can "bust up clots are removed them quickly. Which type of stroke would it be recommended for
ichemic

Intro Neurological Comm Disorders SLPA 4721 Mathews UWG (2 decks)

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