SPINAL CORD

Question 1

The spinal cord is continuous with the

Answer 1

-Medulla

Question 2

There are 31 single spinal nerves

Answer 2

-False

Question 3

The spinal cord is the communication highway between the brain and the body and it is also involved in reflexes

Answer 3

-True

Question 4

-ventral roots carries efferent motor information

Answer 4

True

Question 5

How many segments are in the spinal cord

Answer 5

31

Question 6

How many cervical

Answer 6

8

Question 7

How many Thoracic

Answer 7

12

Question 8

How many Lumbar and Sacral

Answer 8

5

Question 9

How many coccygeal

Answer 9

1

Question 10

What is the Subcortex responsible for

Answer 10

Functions usually beneath the level of awarenesses

• Refines motor plans
• Regulates heartbeat, breathing, arousal, sleep/wake cycle
• Coordinates viscera and digestive system

Question 11

What are the structures of the sub cortex

Answer 11

• Brainstem
• Cerebellum
• Thalamus
• Basal Ganglia

Question 12

What is the Brainstem responsible for

Answer 12

Connects the spinal cord to the brain

Question 13

What are the structures of the Brainstem

Answer 13

• pons
• Midbrain
• Medulla

Question 14

What is the Medulla responsible for

Answer 14

Respiration

regulates breathing, heart and blood vessel functions, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing

Question 15

Nerve fibers cross over to the opposite side of the body where

Answer 15

Medulla

Question 16

What is the structure of the Cerebellum

Answer 16

• Divided into two hemispheres
• Hemispheres connected by the Vermis
• Attached tot he pons
• superior, middle, and inferior pons

Question 17

What is the Cerebellum responsible for

Answer 17

• Each hemisphere is receives information from contralateral hemispheres for processing
• Works as an error control device to detect and correct errors in motor plans
• Make sure body movements are coordinated and free of errors
• Monitors the intent of motor plans and compares them to what the body is actually doing
• If there is an error cerebellum alters the force, timing, and sequencing of muscle contractions

Question 18

What is the Vermis responsible for

Answer 18

-Receives information about the body from projections through the pons

Question 19

Facts about Cerebellum

Answer 19

• The more rapid and precise a body movement us the greater likelihood that an error will occur
• The greater likelihood of an error, the harder that the cerebellum will work to prevent the error

Question 20

What is the Thalamus responsible for

Answer 20

• Sensory relay station
• Receives sensory information transmitted from the body (except olfaction) and directs it to the appropriate part of the brain for processing
• Receives motor plans the cerebellum has checked for errors and sends the refined plans motor execution

Question 21

What is the Basal Ganglia responsible for

Answer 21

Plays a role in initiation of movement , muscle tone, maintenance, and inhibition of extraneous movements

Question 22

What are the functions of the Basal Ganglia

Answer 22

• Group of subcortical structures located within the cerebral hemisphere on either side of the thalamus
• Includes substructures such as: Caudate nucleus, Putamen, globes pallidus

Question 23

Error control device for body movement and coordination

Answer 23

Cerebellum

Question 24

Sensory relay station exception for olfaction

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

Helps with hunger thirst body temperature emotions and involved in sleep

Answer 25

thalamus

Question 26

Plays a role in movement and muscle tone

Answer 26

Basal ganglia

Question 27

What is the function of the spinal cord

Answer 27

Transmits sensory (afferent) information from the body to the brain and motor (efferent) information from the brain to the body

Question 28

Afferent

Answer 28

Arrives | Information has been brought to the structure

Question 29

Efferent

Answer 29

Exits | Information has been taken away from the structure

Question 30

What does SAVE DAVE mean

Answer 30

Sensory. Afferent Motor Efferent | Dorsal. Afferent Ventral Efferent

Question 31

What is the structure of the spinal cord

Answer 31

Bundle of white and grey matter in the spinal column

Question 32

Where does the Spinal cord begin

Answer 32

Medulla

Question 33

Where does the Spinal cord narrows and end at

Answer 33

Conus Medullaris

Question 34

Spinal cord breaks up into loose strands of nerves called the

Answer 34

cauda equina

Question 35

When does a stretch reflex occur

Answer 35

When a muscle is stretch passively (doctor taps your knee)

Question 36

What is a Spinal Reflex

Answer 36

- originating at the spinal cord below the level of our awareness. - When a doctor taps your knee the tap stretches the muscle in your knee which generates an afferent signal from the muscle spindle fibers - Afferent signal is sent to the spinal cord - Spinal cord recognizes that this sensory signal contradicts efferent signals being sent from the brain

Question 37

How does the spinal cord correct the inconsistency of a stretch reflex

Answer 37

- The spinal cord an efferent signal to bring the body part back to where efferent signals from the brain want to be - The spinal cord does this with no input from the brain and below the level of awareness

Question 38

What if the stretch reflex goes bad

Answer 38

A common clinical manifestation is spastic cerebral palsy | -The stretch reflex may affect one limb or entire body, impairing ability to produce speech

Question 39

Contributions to creation of spasticity

Answer 39

(Hypertonia + Resistance to movement)

Question 40

What do spinal nerves control

Answer 40

Trunk, airs, and legs of body

Question 41

What do the spinal cord connect to

Answer 41

muscle, organ, or gland

Question 42

The spinal cord a direct role in speech

Answer 42

False

Question 43

In what role is the spinal cord connected to speech

Answer 43

- phrenic nerve | - Innervates the diaphragm which is the primary muscle for inspiration of air into the lungs needed for phonation

Question 44

Dorsal door carries Afferent sensory information

Answer 44

True