Intro, Neurons, and the Brain

Question 1

Cognitive illusion

Answer 1

we are less good at making probability decisions than we think we are

Question 2

change blindness

Answer 2

we dont notice changes in individuals that are in an out group from us

Question 3

Cognitive psychology

Answer 3

the scientific study of the mind

Question 4

Plato was a

Answer 4

rationalist/nativist ==> our sense can decieve us and we are born knowing everything

Question 5

Aristotle

Answer 5

empiricist/experimentalist ==> we are born without knowledge

Question 6

Descartes

Answer 6

rationalist/nativist

Question 7

John Locke

Answer 7

empiricist/experimentalist ==> we are a blank slate

Question 8

schwann cell

Answer 8

glial cell that surrounds the axon in the peripheral nervous system

Question 9

myelin sheath

Answer 9

the part of the glia that prevents dissipation through the axon membrane (insulation)

Question 10

oligodendrocytes

Answer 10

parts of the glia cell that surround the axon in the central nervous system

Question 11

guillian barre syndrome

Answer 11

muscle weakness because the immune system attacks schwann cells and neurons lose transmission

Question 12

miller fisher syndrome

Answer 12

when we see double because our immune system attacks glia cells ==> less transmission

Question 13

part of neuron where information is received (excitation)

Answer 13

dendrites

Question 14

summation of excitation for action potential generation

Answer 14

cell body and nucleus

Question 15

action potential generation and propagation

Answer 15

axon and myelin sheath

Question 16

information is sent

Answer 16

axon terminal

Question 17

action potential

Answer 17

temporary shift from - to positive in neuron membrane (NA in and K out)

Question 18

depolarization

Answer 18

opening of sodium channels

Question 19

repolarization

Answer 19

negative internal space becomes negative again

Question 20

hyperpolarization

Answer 20

the cells are more negative than resting potention ==> fixed by ion channels and the sodium potassium pump

Question 21

synapses

Answer 21

site of transmission and connection between neurons

Question 22

neurotransmitters

Answer 22

chemical transmissions that carry information from pre-synaptic sending neurons to the post synaptic recieving cell

Question 23

what do drugs alter?

Answer 23

the synapses in our brains by reducing connections

Question 24

Characteristics of neurons

Answer 24

fast response, transportation of cargo over long distances, high energy demand, terminally differentiated

Question 25

sciatic nerve

Answer 25

longest nerve in the body from spinal cord base to our big toes

Question 26

cerebral cortex

Answer 26

the grey matter on the brain and outer 6 layers of nerve cells

Question 27

white matter

Answer 27

innery layer of the cerebrum due to myelin

Question 28

frontal lobe

Answer 28

responsible for cognitive/ perosnality changes and higher functioning as well as voluntary movements

Question 29

temporal lobe

Answer 29

responsible for memories and processing sensations related to memories

Question 30

parietal lobe

Answer 30

processes information from our senses

Question 31

occipital lobe

Answer 31

primarily vision

Question 32

insula

Answer 32

connects our body signals to our outside world

Question 33

visual agnosia

Answer 33

inability to recognize visually presented objects as whole

Question 34

hemispatial neglect

Answer 34

only perceiving information from half of the brain or one hemisphere

Question 35

somatoparaphrenia

Answer 35

delusion where one denies ownership of a limb

Question 36

corpus callosum

Answer 36

white matter fibers connecting the left and right brain hemispheres

Question 37

split brain

Answer 37

severing of the corpus callosum so hemispheres work independently

Question 38

left hemisphere

Answer 38

dominant for language and speech ==> comes from right side pictures

Question 39

right hemisphere

Answer 39

movement and drawing ==> comes from left visual field

Question 40

hydranencephaly

Answer 40

condition where the portions of the brains cerebral hemispheres are absent and filled with cranial fluid instead

Question 41

rasmussen syndrome

Answer 41

disruption of signaling from the right side of the brian