Intro To A&P

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

Study of life

Question 2

Characteristics of living organisms

Answer 2

• Growth
• Responsiveness
• Reproduction
• Movement
• Metabolism

Question 3

All disease and life occur at the…

Answer 3

Cellular level

Question 4

Anatomy

Answer 4

The study of internal and external structure and the physical relationships among body parts.

Question 5

Classifications of Anatomy

Answer 5

• Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic): surface, regional, sectional

- Microscopic: cytology, histology

Question 6

Histology

Answer 6

Study of tissues (groups of specialized cells)

Question 7

Cytology

Answer 7

Study of individual cells

Question 8

Physiology

Answer 8

The study of human body function.

Question 9

Classifications of Physiology

Answer 9

• Cell
• Special: specific organs
• Systemic: specific organ systems
• Pathologic: effects of disease on organ or system functions

Question 10

Levels of organization

Answer 10

Chemical > Cellular > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism

Question 11

11 Organ Systems

Answer 11

1. Nervous
2. Integumentary
3. Skeletal
4. Muscular
5. Cardiovascular
6. Endocrine
7. Lymphatic
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
11. Reproductive (Male/Female)

Question 12

Nervous System

Answer 12

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Question 13

Integumentary System

Answer 13

Hair, skin, nails

Question 14

Skeletal System

Answer 14

Supporting bones (scapula & clavicle), skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum, pelvis, upped & lower limb bones

Question 15

Muscular System

Answer 15

Axial muscles, appendicular muscles, tendons

Question 16

Cardiovascular System

Answer 16

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 17

Endocrine System

Answer 17

Glands of body, pancreas, thymus, testes, ovaries

Question 18

Lymphatic System

Answer 18

Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessel

Question 19

Respiratory System

Answer 19

Nasal cavity, sinus, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm

Question 20

Digestive System

Answer 20

Salivary Glands, mouth & teeth, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small & large intestines, anus

Question 21

Urinary System

Answer 21

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 22

Reproductive System

Answer 22

Male: prostate gland, seminal gland, ductus deferens, urethra, epididymis, testes, penis, scrotum

Female: mammary glands, uterine tube, ovaries, uterus, vagina, external genitalia

Question 23

Homeostasis

Answer 23

Maintaining stable internal conditions, (temperature, ionic concentrations, blood sugar levels, etc.)

Question 24

Regulation Process

Answer 24

Receptor > control center > effector

Question 25

Negative Feedback

Answer 25

Response NEGATES disturbances, constant occurrence EX: thermometer > thermostat > air conditioner

Question 26

Positive Feedback

Answer 26

Response REINFORCES stimulus, eventually comes to a close EX: blood clotting

Question 27

Anatomical Position

Answer 27

Hands at side, palms facing forward, feet together

Question 28

Supine vs Prone

Answer 28

- Supine (face-up) | - Prone (face-down)

Question 29

Directional Terms

Answer 29

``` Superior (up) Inferior (down) Anterior (front) Posterior (back) Ventral (belly side) Dorsal (backside) Cranial (toward head) Caudal (toward feet) Medial (toward middle) Lateral (toward outside) Proximal (toward base) Distal (away from base) Superficial (near surface) Deep (away from surface) ```

Question 30

Planes and Sections

Answer 30

Transverse (divides superior & inferior) Frontal (divides anterior & posterior) Sagittal (divides left & right)

Question 31

Ventral body divided by...

Answer 31

Diaphragm

Question 32

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 32

2 Pleural cavities (right & left lung) Pericardial cavity (heart)

Question 33

Ventral body cavity includes...

Answer 33

Thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity

Question 34

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 34

Abdominal (liver, spleen, small intestine, most of large intestine) Pelvic (urinary bladder, reproductive organs, distal portion of large intestine) Peritoneal (visceral & parietal) Kidneys in retroperitoneal space

Question 35

4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Answer 35

1. Right Upper 2. Right Lower 3. Left Lower 4. Left Upper

Question 36

9 Abdominopelvic Regions

Answer 36

1. Right hypochondriac 2. Right lumbar 3. Right inguinal 4. Epigastric 5. Umbilical 6. Hypogastric (Pubic) 7. Left hypochondriac 8. Left lumbar 9. Left inguinal

Question 37

X-Rays

Answer 37

Black & white picture, white area usually bone or dense area

Question 38

CT Scan

Answer 38

Use x-rays to creat sectional views

Question 39

MRI

Answer 39

Sectional view, can show soft tissue using magnetic field 3000X stronger than earth’s

Question 40

Ultrasound

Answer 40

Small transmitter uses high frequency sound to detect echoes which reflect internal structures showing a picture