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Intro to Anatomy > Intro To Anatomy > Flashcards

Intro To Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Study of large structures without the aid of a microscope

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2
Q

Microanatomy

A

Study of small structures with the aid of a microscope

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3
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Study of body surface features

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4
Q

Medical anatomy

A

Study of structures changed by disease

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5
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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6
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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7
Q

Systematic vs regional anatomy

A

Systematic is organized by systems and regional is organized by body regions

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8
Q

Four main types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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9
Q

Organ level

A

Consists of two or more different types of tissues

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10
Q

System level

A

Consists of multiple organs that combine to form a very general task

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11
Q

The complete organism

A

Composed of 11 systems to maintain life

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12
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin, protects underlying tissues and prevents fluid loss

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13
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones, joints, supports and protects softer body parts, stores minerals and produces blood cells

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14
Q

Muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles, produces movement of bones at joints, generates heat

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15
Q

Nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, monitors changes in environment, interprets the changes, and initiates a response

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16
Q

Endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, thymus, alters the activity of cells by release of hormones

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17
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood vessels, transports blood throughout all areas of the body

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18
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, protects the body from foreign particles and cells

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19
Q

Respiratory system

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, exchanges gases between the bloodstream and the external environment

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20
Q

Digestive system

A

Simplifies food particles into their basic nutrient subunits for absorption into the bloodstream

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21
Q

Urinary system

A

Forms urine to maintain water and salt balance, pH, and nitrogenous waste levels in the blood

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22
Q

Reproductive systems

A

Produces gametes to undergo fertilization for the creation of new individuals

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23
Q

Metabolism

A

How the body obtains and uses energy

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24
Q

Catabolism

A

The breakdown of molecules to produce energy

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25
Anabolism
The use of energy to power all activities, such as building new molecules
26
Directional terminology
Refers to a set of terms used to describe the location of structures
27
Frontal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
28
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into left and right parts
29
Midsagittal plane
Sagittal plane down the middle of the body
30
Parasagittal plane
Sagittal plane to one side
31
Horizontal plane, transverse plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts
32
CT Scans
Scans use multiple x-ray at different angles, interpreted and enhanced by computer
33
PET scans
Scans use radioactive cocktails to identify areas of high metabolic activity
34
MRI
uses magnets to isolate hydrogen atoms and interpreted by computer
35
Ultrasound
Uses sound waves that echo from internal structures and are interpreted by computer
36
Five major body regions
Trunk, Neck, Head, Upper appendages, Lower appendages
37
Parietal layer
Thin membrane that line cavities, helps control infection
38
Two major body cavities
Dorsal cavity and ventral cavity
39
Dorsal cavity contains:
Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
40
Ventral cavity contains:
Thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity, two pleural cavities(surrounding lung), mediastinum(located between the lungs), Abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
41
extracellular enviroment
Area outside of a cell
42
Extra cellular fluid (ECF)
Surrounds and bathes the cell in a fluid
43
Interstitial fluid
Most common ECF in the body
44
Intercellular environment
Space immediately between cells
45
Intercellular environment
Area within a cell
46
Peripheral proteins
Attached to the cell membrane to stabilize it structurally
47
Integral proteins
Extend through the bilayer to play a role in transport across the membrane
48
Glycoprotein
A protein and carbohydrate
49
Diffusion
Movement from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
50
Facilitated diffusion
A form of diffusion because molecules move passively along
51
Osmosis
The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to lower water concentration
52
Osmotic pressure
The force required to oppose the movement of water molecules
53
Filtration
Water is forced across a selectively permeable membrane
54
Active transport
Transport across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, which requires a carrier protein and an input of energy in the form of ATP
55
Vesicular transport
Mass transport of fluid or particles across the cell membrane by packaging them within small sacks called vesicles
56
Phagocytosis
Process of cell eating
57
Pinocytosis
Process of cell drinking
58
Exocytosis
Method of cellular export of products and waste
59
Excretion
Export of waste by exocytosis
60
Secretion
Export of products, including hormones, enzymes, antibodies
61
Cytoskeleton
A network of proteins forming an internal scaffold in the cytoplasm
62
Centrioles
A pair of cylindrical clusters of microtubules
63
Cilia
Small projections, often numerous on the surface
64
Flagella
Similar to cilia but much longer, usually one per cell
65
Microvilli
Tiny foldings of the cell membrane that form many finger like projections

Intro to Anatomy (6 decks)

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