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Anatomy and Physiology > intro to anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

intro to anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Anatomy

A

Macro, Micro, Developmental, Pathology, Radiology, Molecular Bio, Physiology

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2
Q

Macroscopic Anatomy

A

study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

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3
Q

3 approaches of macro anatomy

A

regional, systemic, surface

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4
Q

regional approach

A

all structures in a region studied at once

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5
Q

systemic approach

A

all structures of a body system are studied together

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6
Q

surface approach

A

study of internal body structures relative to the skin

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7
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

structures to small to see without a microscope

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8
Q

2 subdivisions of micro anatomy

A

cytology, histology

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9
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells

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10
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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11
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

study of changes in body parts throughout life

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12
Q

Pathology Anatomy

A

study of changes in body structures due to disease

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13
Q

Radiology Anatomy

A

study of body structures via imaging techniques

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14
Q

molecular biology anatomy

A

study of molecules that make up body structures

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15
Q

Physiology Anatomy

A

study of the function of body parts

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16
Q

Structural Hierarchy

A

Chemical, Cell, Tissue, Organ, System, Organisim

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17
Q

Chemical

A

basic building blocks for all structures, made of non-living components

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18
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of all things

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19
Q

molecule

A

chemical composition of atoms

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20
Q

organelle

A

mini organ

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21
Q

cell

A

smallest unit of life and all living things

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22
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells working together for a specific function

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23
Q

4 types of tissue

A

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

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24
Q

organ

A

two or more tissue types working together for a specific function

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25
Q

organisim

A

combination of all organ systems working together to maintain life

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26
Q

8 functional characteristics of life

A

boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

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27
Q

boundary maintenance

A

form barriers to keep internal/external environments separate from each other

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28
Q

movement

A

whole organism moving or movement of substances through the organism

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29
Q

responsiveness

A

ability to sense and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

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30
Q

digestion

A

ability to break down food into useable nutrients for absorption

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31
Q

metabolism

A

all chemical reactions used to sustain life

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32
Q

excretion

A

removal of waste products from cells or organisms

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33
Q

reproduction

A

ability to reproduce cells for growth, repair, or a whole new organisim

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34
Q

Growth

A

ability to increase the size of a cell, body part, or organisim

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35
Q

factors necessary for survival

A

nutrients, oxygen, water, body temp, atmospheric pressure

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36
Q

nutrients

A

ingest nutrients to be used for energy, growth, repair

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37
Q

oxygen

A

inhale from environment

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38
Q

water

A

most abundant substances in cells/organisims

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39
Q

body temp

A

maintain a fairly constant temp for functional chemical reactions

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40
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

pressure the environment exerts on the body, must also be maintained at a fairly constant level for proper function

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41
Q

Homeostasis

A

the ability to maintain fairly constant internal conditions in response to changing external conditions

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42
Q

3 parts of control mechanism for homeostasis

A

receptor, control unit, effector

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43
Q

receptor

A

receives stimuli and sends info to control unit

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44
Q

control unit

A

receives info from the receptors, analyzes info, decides on plan of action

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45
Q

effector

A

carries out the response as directed by the control unit

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46
Q

2 types of control mechanisms of homeostasis

A

negative and positive feedback

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47
Q

negative feedback

A

most common, effctors are directed to carry out an opposite response to the stimuli

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48
Q

positive feedback

A

enhances, continues, or heightens the response to the stimulus

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49
Q

anatomical position

A

standard reference point to locates all structures relative to each other

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50
Q

4 parts of anatomical position

A

body erect, feet forward, palms forward, thumbs away from body

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51
Q

superior

A

toward the head, above

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52
Q

inferior

A

toward the feet, below

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53
Q

anterior/vental

A

toward the front, in front of

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54
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

toward the back, in back of

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55
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

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56
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

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57
Q

proximal

A

towards the origin (trunk) of the body

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58
Q

trunk of the body

A

head, chest, torso

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59
Q

distal

A

away from the origin of the body

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60
Q

superficial

A

towards the surface of the body

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61
Q

deep

A

away from the body surface, more internal

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62
Q

cephalic

A

head

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63
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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64
Q

nasal

A

nose

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65
Q

orbital

A

eye

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66
Q

bucal

A

cheek

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67
Q

mental

A

chin

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68
Q

oral

A

mouth

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69
Q

otic

A

ear

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70
Q

cervical

A

neck

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71
Q

axillary

A

armpit

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72
Q

sternal

A

breastbone

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73
Q

mammary

A

breast

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74
Q

thoracic

A

chest

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75
Q

inguinal

A

groin

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76
Q

doral

A

back

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77
Q

vertebral

A

spinal column

78
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

79
Q

lumbar/loin

A

lower back

80
Q

gluteal

A

butt

81
Q

pubic

A

genital

82
Q

sacral

A

between hips

83
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

84
Q

abdominal

A

abdomen

85
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

86
Q

brachial

A

upper arm

87
Q

antecubital

A

front of elbow

88
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

89
Q

manual

A

hand

90
Q

carpal

A

wrist

91
Q

palmar

A

palm

92
Q

digital

A

fingers/toes

93
Q

pollex

A

thumb

94
Q

coxal

A

lateral hip

95
Q

patellar

A

front of knee

96
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

97
Q

crural

A

lower leg

98
Q

sural

A

calf

99
Q

peroneal (fibular)

A

lateral leg

100
Q

pedal

A

foot

101
Q

hallux

A

big toe

102
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

103
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

104
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

105
Q

a

A

without lacking

106
Q

ab

A

away from

107
Q

arthro

A

joint

108
Q

blast

A

immature

109
Q

cardi

A

heart

110
Q

cerebro

A

brain

111
Q

chondro

A

cartilage

112
Q

cost

A

rib

113
Q

cyt

A

cell

114
Q

derm

A

skin

115
Q

ec/ex/exo

A

out/outside

116
Q

epi

A

over/above

117
Q

gastro

A

stomach

118
Q

glosso

A

tongue

119
Q

gluco

A

sugar

120
Q

hema

A

blood

121
Q

hepat

A

liver

122
Q

hetero

A

different

123
Q

homo

A

save

124
Q

hydro

A

water

125
Q

hypo

A

below

126
Q

inter

A

between

127
Q

intra

A

within

128
Q

iso

A

equal

129
Q

macro/megal

A

large

130
Q

malacia

A

soft

131
Q

micro

A

small

132
Q

myo

A

muscle

133
Q

neuro

A

nerve

134
Q

osteo

A

bone

135
Q

peri

A

around

136
Q

phago

A

eat

137
Q

phobic

A

fear

138
Q

philic

A

loving

139
Q

pili

A

hair

140
Q

pino

A

drink

141
Q

pleuro

A

side/rib

142
Q

pulmo

A

lung

143
Q

rect

A

straight

144
Q

sub

A

beneath

145
Q

super/supra

A

above

146
Q

trans

A

across

147
Q

3 body planes

A

sagittal, frontal, transverse

148
Q

sagittal

A

a vertical plane that divides the body into a right and left side

149
Q

midsagittal

A

in the center for equal right and left sides

150
Q

parasagittal

A

off center

151
Q

frontal/coronal

A

a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

152
Q

transverse

A

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

153
Q

body cavities

A

closed to the exterior, contains internal organs

154
Q

2 main body cavities

A

dorsal, ventral

155
Q

two sub cavities of the dorsal cavity

A

cranial, spinal

156
Q

dorsal cavity

A

back

157
Q

cranial cavity

A

contains brain

158
Q

spinal cavity

A

contains spinal cord

159
Q

ventral cavity

A

anterior, larger

160
Q

2 subdivisions of ventral cavity

A

thoracic, abdominopelvic

161
Q

three subdivisions of thoracic cavity

A

pleural, thoracic, mediastinum

162
Q

thoracic cavity

A

medial within mediastinum, contains heart

163
Q

pleural

A

two lateral cavities each containing a lung

164
Q

mediastinum

A

medial between pleural, contains pericardial and part of esophagus and trachea

165
Q

2 divisions of abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal, pelvic

166
Q

abdominopelvic

A

below diaphragm

167
Q

abdominal cavity

A

superior portion

168
Q

organs in the abdominal cavity

A

digestive organs like liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen

169
Q

pelvic cavity

A

inferior portion

170
Q

organs in the pelvic cavity

A

bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

171
Q

other cavities

A

oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear, synovial

172
Q

oral

A

mouth, continuous with digestive

173
Q

nasal

A

inside and behind nose

174
Q

orbital

A

eye sockets that each contain eye

175
Q

middle ear

A

within the temporal bone, medial to eardrum

176
Q

synovial

A

joint cavities around articulating bones

177
Q

serous membrane/serosa

A

thin, double layered continuous membrane that lines the walls of the ventral cavity

178
Q

purpose of serosa

A

form boundaries, help anchor organs, lubricate organs

179
Q

two types of serous membranes

A

visceral, parietal

180
Q

visceral layer

A

covers the organs within the cavity

181
Q

parietal layer

A

line the walls of the cavity

182
Q

upper left region

A

right hypochondriac region

183
Q

upper middle region

A

epigastric region

184
Q

upper right region

A

left hypochondriac region

185
Q

left middle region

A

right lumbar region

186
Q

middle region

A

umbilical region

187
Q

right middle region

A

left lumbar region

188
Q

left bottom region

A

right iliac (inguinal) region

189
Q

middle bottom region

A

hypogastric (pubic) region

190
Q

bottom right region

A

left iliac (inguinal) region

Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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