Intro to Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Define gross anatomy

Answer 1

study of structures large enough to be seen

Question 2

Define regional anatomy

Answer 2

all body structures in a given region (abdomen, leg, etc)

Question 3

Define systemic anatomy

Answer 3

body study by system like cardiovascular

Question 4

Define surface anatomy

Answer 4

internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin

Question 5

define microscopic anatomy

Answer 5

study of structures too small to be seen by eye (cytology, histology)

Question 6

Define developmental anatomy

Answer 6

study of change in structures over lifetime (embryology)

Question 7

name levels of organization smallest to largest

Answer 7

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system

Question 8

what is included in chemical level of organization

Answer 8

atoms, molecules, macromolecules

Question 9

what is included in cellular level of organization

Answer 9

macromolecules combined to form cells

Question 10

what is included in tissue level of organization

Answer 10

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue

Question 11

Define organ level of organization

Answer 11

2 or more tissues joined together with a specific function and shape

Question 12

define system level of organization

Answer 12

related organs with common function (11 systems)

Question 13

Name 11 systems

Answer 13

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

Question 14

define anatomical position

Answer 14

standing erect, facing forward, limbs at side, palms forward thumbs out

Question 15

Which is the red plane

Answer 15

Frontal

Question 16

Which is the blue plane

Answer 16

Transverse plane

Question 17

What is the yellow plane

Answer 17

Median/midsagittal plane

Question 18

Which cavity is in yellow

Answer 18

Dorsal body cavity

Question 19

which cavity is in red

Answer 19

ventral body cavity

Question 20

Name the ventral body cavities

Answer 20

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

Question 21

name the dorsal body cavities

Answer 21

cranial cavity, vertebral cavity

Question 22

name the two serous membranes

Answer 22

parietal and visceral membranes

Question 23

name the body compartments

Answer 23

intracellular and extracellular

Question 24

what are cell membranes made up of

Answer 24

lipids and proteins

Question 25

name the 3 types of membrane transport

Answer 25

passive transport (diffusion, osmosis), active transport (primary and secondary), vesicular traffic (endo/exocytosis)

Question 26

what are the two ways that diffusion occurs

Answer 26

intersticies of lipid bilayer and protein channels

Question 27

what can protein channels be gated by

Answer 27

electric signals (voltage gated) and chemicals (ligand gated)

Question 28

define osmosis

Answer 28

diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane/selectively permeable membrane

Question 29

cell 1 is in a ____ medium

Answer 29

isotonic

Question 30

cell 2 is in a _____ medium

Answer 30

hypertonic

Question 31

cell 3 is in a ____ medium

Answer 31

hypotonic

Question 32

primary active transport occurs when....

Answer 32

ATP is consumed by transporting protein

Question 33

define endocytosis

Answer 33

movement of macromolecules from outside to inside cell via invagination (phagocytosis, pinocytosis)

Question 34

define exocytosis

Answer 34

macromolecules packaged in secretory vescicles and extruded from cell requiring calcium and energy

Question 35

How much body fluid is made up of intracellular fluid

Answer 35

2/3rds

Question 36

how much body fluid is made up of extracellular fluid

Answer 36

1/3rd

Question 37

What proportion of ECF is interstitial fluid

Answer 37

2/3rd

Question 38

what proportion of ECF is vascular fluid

Answer 38

1/3rd (normal vol is 5L)

Question 39

Solutes in ICF

Answer 39

K+, Mg, PO4, protein

Question 40

solutes in ECF

Answer 40

Na, Ca, Cl2 and HCO3, O2, CO2, glucose, fatty acids, amino acids

Question 41

interstitial fluid and vascular fluid is separated by

Answer 41

capillary membranes

Question 42

Loss of isotonic fluid (hemorrhage, urine) results in

Answer 42

no change in osmolarity, no change in the cells

Question 43

loss of hypotonic fluid (sweating, urine) results in

Answer 43

increase in ECF osmolarity, fluid will move from the ICF to the ECF and cells will shrink

Question 44

ingestion of salt tablets would increase osmolarity of ECF and result in fluid moving from...

Answer 44

ICF to ECF, cells shrink

Question 45

isotonic fluid gain will cause

Answer 45

increase in ECF volume but no movement between cells

Question 46

Hypotonic fluid gain will cause

Answer 46

an increase in the ICF, fluid will move into intracellular space and cells will swell

Question 47

name periods of action potential

Answer 47

depolarization, repolarization, refractory

Question 48

absolute refractory period vs relative refractory period

Answer 48

no impulse no matter how strong stimulus in absolute, greater than normal stimulus in relative will cause impulse