intro to biochem Flashcards
(21 cards)
definition of covalent bond
sharing of electron pairs
definition of ionic bond
attraction of opposite chrges
definition of hydrogen bond
sharing of H electron
definition of hydrophobic interaction
interaction of nonpolar substances in the presence of polar substances (esp water)
definition of van der waals interction
increaction of electrons of nonpolar substances
what are the oxidation states of carbon?
alkale (fats) alcohol (carbs) aldehyde carboxylic acid carbon dioxide
what do peptides and proteins consist of
amino acids
what do lipids consist of
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
what do nucleic acids consist of
DNA, RNA
what do carbohydrates consist of
mono, di and polysaccharides
first law of themodynamics
energy is neither created nor destroyed
- when energy is converted fro one form to another, the total energy before ad after the conversion in the same
second law of thermodynamics
when energy is converted from one form to another, some of that energy becomes unavaliable to do work
- no energy transformation is 100% efficient
what is enthalpy
heat content (H)
equation for the most important change in free energy
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS T = temperature in K
free energy change word equation
ΔG = (energy of the products) – (energy of the reactants)
what are exergonic reactiona
total free energy of the products is less than the total free energy of the reactants
what is the change in free energy
negative
what are endergonic reactions
when the total free energy of the products is more than the total free energy of the reactants
what is the change in free energy of an endergonic reatcion
positive
what happens when the reaction is further towards the point of equilibrium
more free energy is released
what does it mean when ΔG values are near zero
readily reversible reactions
