Intro to Biology C190

Question 1

A chemical bond that involves sharing of electrons

Answer 1

Covalent Bond

Question 2

both atoms, or ions, are held together by a difference in charge which creates an attraction between them

Answer 2

Ionic Bond

Question 3

As ice forms on a pond, in the winter, the ice stays at the surface of the pond as it thickens throughout the season. Which property of water allows this to happen?

Answer 3

A. good solvent
B. cohesive
C. stable temperature
D. *change in density is what allows this to happen

Question 4

a partially charged positive atom from one molecule is attracted to a partially charged negative atom of another molecule.

Answer 4

Hydrogen Bond

Question 5

Reactants of cellular respiration

Answer 5

Oxygen and glucose

Question 6

products of cellular respiration

Answer 6

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Question 7

Random events that change the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population.

Answer 7

genetic drift

Question 8

The movement of alleles from one population to another, as a result of migration followed by breeding.

Answer 8

gene flow

Question 9

All the individuals of the same species that occupy the same area and are likely to breed with one another.

Answer 9

population

Question 10

Many different populations can live in any specific area. All of these populations can interact with each other in positive and negative ways, and together they form a community.

Answer 10

community

Question 11

All the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, or nonliving, parts of that environment.

Answer 11

ecosystem

Question 12

The tendency of organisms and cells to maintain stable internal conditions.

Answer 12

homeostasis

Question 13

Molecules spontaneously move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration due to random movement.

Answer 13

simple diffusion

Question 14

Molecules can spread into or out of a cell, following their natural tendency to spread out, moving down their concentration gradient.

Answer 14

simple diffusion

Question 15

The process of helping molecules cross a membrane (down their concentration gradients) using channels or pores

Answer 15

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 16

provides a semipermeable barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell

Answer 16

Cell membrane

Question 17

Which kinds of molecules passe freely through the cell membrane

Answer 17

polar molecules, nonpolar molecules, & small molecules

Question 18

The process of helping these molecules cross a membrane (down their concentration gradients) using channels or pores is referred to as

Answer 18

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 19

with facilitated diffusion, molecules are moving down a concentration gradient, the process does not require the input of additional ______ from the cell

Answer 19

energy

Question 20

In facilitated diffusion, molecules move through pores from areas of ____________ concentration to areas of ____________ concentration.

Answer 20

high

low

Question 21

______ transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient

Answer 21

active

Question 22

The source of energy for active transport is ______

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

Just as in facilitated diffusion, a protein channel is needed for the molecule to pass through the membrane.

Answer 23

Active transport

Question 24

in active transport, the molecule is being moved _________ its concentration gradient

Answer 24

against

Question 25

Which types of membrane transport could a molecule use to move down its concentration gradient?

Answer 25

simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion

Question 26

A large polar molecule is found in high concentration inside a cell. As it moves out of the cell, which membrane transport mechanism is likely used?

Answer 26

facilitated diffusion or active transport? | *Facilitated diffusion is the correct answer

Question 27

________ transport moves things up their concentration gradient.

Answer 27

Active

Question 28

A cell uses ATP to move a small molecule across the membrane. Which membrane transport mechanism is likely being used?

Answer 28

Facilitated diffusion, Simple diffusion, or Active transport? *Active transport is the correct answer

Question 29

The processes of endocytosis and exocytosis allow materials to move in and out of the cell without passing through the cell's _______

Answer 29

membrane

Question 30

material is engulfed within an infolding of the membrane and then brought into the cell within a cytoplasmic vesicle

Answer 30

endocytosis

Question 31

an internal vesicle fuses with the membrane and releases its contents to the outside.

Answer 31

Exocytosis

Question 32

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 32

osmosis

Question 33

Which process stores energy in a glucose molecule?

Answer 33

photosynthesis

Question 34

energy stored in the bonds of molecules

Answer 34

chemical potential energy

Question 35

What is the name of the organelle that is mainly responsible for photosynthesis?

Answer 35

chloroplast

Question 36

Light + H20 + CO2 → Sugar + O2 is an equation for photosynthesis. True or False

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Produces NADPH | light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

Answer 37

light-dependent reaction

Question 38

Produces oxygen | light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

Answer 38

light-dependent reaction

Question 39

Uses ATP | light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

Answer 39

Calvin cycle

Question 40

Uses carbon dioxide | light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

Answer 40

Calvin cycle

Question 41

Produces sugars | light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

Answer 41

Calvin cycle

Question 42

Energy used to power the Calvin cycle is stored in which molecule(s)

Answer 42

ATP and NADPH provide energy to the Calvin cycle.

Question 43

At the end of the Calvin cycle, energy is stored in which molecule

Answer 43

Sugar

Question 44

Which molecule has more chemical potential energy, ATP or ADP?

Answer 44

ATP has more energy stored in its bonds.

Question 45

Which molecule is built through the process of phosphorylation

Answer 45

ATP is built through phosphorylation of ADP.

Question 46

Which molecule emerges from the Calvin cycle?

Answer 46

ADP is a product of the Calvin cycle.

Question 47

Cellular respiration: Sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy | True or False

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

Which reaction produces ATP as an end product? the main source of ATP in aerobic cells Photosynthesis or Cellular Respiration

Answer 48

Cellular respiration

Question 49

Mitochondria are used for cellular respiration. | True or False

Answer 49

TRUE

Question 50

The first step in cellular respiration is ________

Answer 50

Glycolysis

Question 51

where, in a cell, does glycolysis take place

Answer 51

The cytoplasm

Question 52

glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules called

Answer 52

pyruvate

Question 53

Which step of cellular respiration is glucose split into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate.

Answer 53

glycolysis which is step 1 of cellular respiration

Question 54

Splitting the bonds of glucose releases enough energy to make two ATP and two NADH molecules in step one of cellular respiration called ____________

Answer 54

glycolysis

Question 55

Where does the glucose that enters glycolysis come from?

Answer 55

photosynthesis and the food we eat

Question 56

Cellular respiration Step 2 is called

Answer 56

The Krebs cycle

Question 57

The next step in cellular respiration is the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle), which happens in the inner space of the

Answer 57

mitochondria

Question 58

Which step in cellular respiration is the pyruvate from glycolysis broken down into acetyl coA

Answer 58

the Krebs cycle

Question 59

In which cycle is acetyl coA further broken down to release energy and CO2

Answer 59

the Krebs cycle

Question 60

The energy released from which process is used to build ATP, NADH, and FADH2

Answer 60

the Krebs cycle

Question 61

Some of the energy in glucose is converted into ATP by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, but some of it is still held in the electron carriers ___________ & ____________

Answer 61

NADH and FADH2.

Question 62

These molecules carry high energy electrons to the electron transport chain

Answer 62

NADH and FADH2.

Question 63

electrons are passed through the membrane inside the mitochondrion and used to build ATP in which step of cellular respiration

Answer 63

Step 3 The electron transport chain

Question 64

Is oxygen required by or produced from cellular respiration

Answer 64

Required

Question 65

Is ADP + P required by or produced from cellular respiration

Answer 65

Required

Question 66

Is carbon dioxide required by or produced from cellular respiration

Answer 66

Produced | Carbon dioxide is a by-product of cellular respiration.

Question 67

Is sugar required by or produced from cellular respiration

Answer 67

Required

Question 68

Is water required by or produced from cellular respiration

Answer 68

Produced

Question 69

What happens to the NADH produced in glycolysis?

Answer 69

It is used to produce ATP in the electron transport chain.

Question 70

The electron transport chain generates large amounts of

Answer 70

ATP

Question 71

Which stage of Mitosis is this: Chromosomes condense

Answer 71

Prophase (P)

Question 72

Which stage of Mitosis is this: Chromosomes are moved to the center of the cell.

Answer 72

Metaphase (M)

Question 73

Which stage of Mitosis is this: Sister chromatids are separated and move to opposites sides of the cell

Answer 73

Anaphase (A)

Question 74

Which stage of Mitosis is this: New nuclear membranes are formed around the clusters of chromosomes on each side of the cell.

Answer 74

Telophase (T)