What is critical thinking? M1 Flashcards

1
Q

To think critically is to:

A

analyze, assess, and reconstruct one’s own thinking in order to improve its quality.

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2
Q

Critical thinking is characteristically:

A

self-directed
self-disciplined
self-monitored
self-corrective

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3
Q

Stereotype

A

A fixed or oversimplified conception of a person, group, or idea.

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4
Q

Egocentrism

A

The tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself and to regard one’s own opinion’s, values, or interests as most important.

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5
Q

Sociocentrism

A

The assumption that one’s own social group is inherently superior to all others.

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6
Q

A well-cultivated critical thinker:

A

Raises vital questions
Gathers and assesses relevant information
Reaches well-reasoned conclusions and solutions
Thinks open-mindedly
Communicates effectively with others

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7
Q

First-order thinking

A

Ordinary thinking.

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8
Q

Second-order thinking

A

Another term for critical thinking. It is first-order thinking (ordinary thinking) that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed or improved)

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9
Q

Weak-sense critical thinking

A

Thinking that does not consider counter viewpoints, that lacks fair-mindedness and that uses critical thinking skills simply to defend current beliefs.

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10
Q

Strong-sense critical thinking

A

Thinking that uses critical thinking skills to evaluate all beliefs, especially one’s own, and that pursues what is intellectually fair and just.

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11
Q

Fair-mindedness

A

The commitment to consider all relevant opinions equally without regard to one’s own sentiments or selfish interests.

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12
Q

Fallacies

A

Flaws or errors in reasoning which, when found in the premise of an argument, invalidate its conclusion.

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13
Q

Intellectual cowardice

A

Fear of ideas or viewpoints that do not conform to one’s own. Term used by Paul and Elder.

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14
Q

Intellectual empathy

A

The act of routinely inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to genuinely understand them. Term used by Paul and Elder.

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15
Q

Intellectual humility

A

Openness to the possibility that one’s beliefs are mistaken and a willingness to reevaluate them in the face of new evidence or persuasive counterarguments.

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16
Q

Intellectual perseverance

A

The act of working one’s way through intellectual complexities despite frustrations inherent in doing so.

17
Q

Sophistry

A

The ability to win an argument regardless of flaws in its reasoning.

18
Q

intellectual autonomy

A

The ability to reconstruct others’ viewpoints.

19
Q

intellectual integrity

A

To admit flaws in one’s own thinking

20
Q

Traits of a Critical Thinker

A
Intellectual humility
Intellectual courage
Intellectual empathy
Intellectual integrity
Intellectual perseverance
Confidence in reason
Intellectual autonomy
21
Q

Elements of Reasoning

A
  • Purposes
  • Questions
  • Assumptions
  • Implications
  • Information
  • Concepts
  • Inferences
  • Points of view