Intro To Brain And Behaviour

Question 1

5 reasons to study brain and behaviour?

Answer 1

Cog neuroscience relates to neural basis of behaviour
Bridges gap between bio sciences and psychology and psychiatry
Understanding neural basis can help distinguish different theories

Question 2

Mental representation definition

Answer 2

The sense which properties outside the world are simulated by simulation

Question 3

Neural representation definition

Answer 3

The way in which properties of outside world manifest themselves in the neural signal

Question 4

What does dualism claim?

Answer 4

Mind and body are separate substances
The soul (mind) controls movement of muscles through influence on pineal body
Eyes send visual info to brain and is examined by soul
When soul decides to act, it tilts pineal body diverting pressurised fluid through nerves and to muscles

Question 5

Who proved Descartes (dualism) wrong and what did they do?

Answer 5

Luigi Galvani
Found electrical stimulation of frogs nerve caused muscle contraction
And so brain didn’t direct fluid
Prompted others to research nature of messages transmitted by nerves and muscle contraction
Results of efforts gave rise to physiology of behaviour

Question 6

What s the dual aspect theory (in terms of explanation of behaviour)?

Answer 6

Mind and body are 2 levels of explanation of the same thing

Question 7

What is reductionism (in terms if explanation of behaviour)?

Answer 7

Mind is eventually explained solely by physical and biological theory

Question 8

Define generalisation

Answer 8

Instances of behaviour as examples of general laws

Question 9

Define reductionism

Answer 9

Complex phenomena explained by smaller simpler ones

Question 10

What is split brain?

Answer 10

Treatment for epilepsy

Split brain down corpus collosum

Question 11

What is the corpus collosum?

Answer 11

Bundle of nerve fibres that connect right and left hemisphere of brain

Question 12

What 2 researchers were at the forefront of using split brain discoveries?

Answer 12

Sperry and Gazzaniga

Question 13

What was used to test split brain patients?

Answer 13

Tachistoscopic presentation
Stim shown to one hemisphere only
For 150ms or less to stop eye movement

Question 14

If stim is presented to right VF what happens?

Answer 14

Verbally answers spoon eg

Question 15

If stim is presented to left VF what happens?

Answer 15

Subject answers “i see nothing”

Question 16

Which hemisphere controls language production and right side motor control?

Answer 16

Left

Question 17

Which hemisphere is right side motor control controlled?

Answer 17

Right

Question 18

What happens if subject is asked to use left hand to pick up object shown of screen in left VF?

Answer 18

Subject choses correct object as right hemisphere can see the spoon and controls the left side of the body, so controls left hand

Question 19

What happens if subject is asked to use right hand to pick object shown to left VF?

Answer 19

Can’t chose correct or can due to chance as shown to right hemisphere but doesn’t control right side

Question 20

What happens if SB subject is presented with aroma in right nostril and is asked what they smell and to select object with left hand?

Answer 20

Deny smelling anything as perfume in right nostril and speech in left hemisphere, can’t send info
Left hand choses correct object as right nostril goes to right hemisphere which controls left hand

Question 21

Anterior/ rostral =

Answer 21

Front

Question 22

Posterior/ caudal=

Answer 22

Back

Question 23

Dorsal=

Answer 23

Top

Question 24

Ventral=

Answer 24

Bottom

Question 25

Lateral=

Answer 25

Towards side

Question 26

Medial=

Answer 26

Towards middle

Question 27

Ipsilateral=

Answer 27

Same side

Question 28

Contralateral=

Answer 28

Opposite side

Question 29

What is a traverse section of brain?

Answer 29

Right angle to neuraxis

Question 30

What is a sagittal section of brain?

Answer 30

Parallel to neuraxis and perpendicular to ground

Question 31

What is a horizontal section of brain?

Answer 31

Parallel to ground

Question 32

2 parts of nervous system

Answer 32

CNS- central | PNS- peripheral

Question 33

2 parts of CNS

Answer 33

Brain and spinal cord

Question 34

2 parts of PNS

Answer 34

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 35

2 nerves of somatic NS

Answer 35

Affront and efferent nerves

Question 36

2 nerves of autonomic NS

Answer 36

Afferent and efferent nerves

Question 37

2 parts of autonomic NS that use efferent nerves

Answer 37

Parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

Question 38

What % of blood and oxygen supply does brain use?

Answer 38

20% of blood and 15-20% of oxygen

Question 39

What is the Foramen Magnum in the skull?

Answer 39

Hole for passage of spinal cord

Question 40

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

Answer 40

Dura mater- tough, flexible and outermost layer Arachnoid- middle layer, like a sheet of cellophane, draped over brain but doesn’t dip into valleys of brain Pis mater- last layer, adheres to brains surface

Question 41

What is the space between arachnoid and pia mater called and what’s it filled with?

Answer 41

The subarachnoid space | Filled with cerebrospinal fluid CSF

Question 42

What are ventricles, what are 4 types and what are they filled with?

Answer 42

``` Set of hollow chambers Filled with CSF 1. Lateral ventricles 2. Third ventricles 3. Cerebral aqueduct 4. Fourth ventricle ```

Question 43

What is CSF and use?

Answer 43

Cerebrospinal fluid Similar to blood plasma Forms watery cushion for brain

Question 44

What is CSF formed by?

Answer 44

Choroid plexus